programming python

Cách thay đổi màu nền trong python với rùa

Phương pháp 1. Sử dụng ANSI ESCAPE CODE Để thêm màu sắc và kiểu dáng cho văn bản, bạn nên tạo một lớp có tên là ANSI, bên trong lớp này khai báo các cấu hình về văn bản và màu sắc bằng mã ANSI. Các chức năng được sử dụng. lai lịch. cho phép định dạng nền. Accepts ANSI codes between 40 and 47, 100 and 107

Generally How do I change the background of my Python GUI? The default background color of a Tkinter GUI is gray. You can change this to any color according to the needs of your application. There are two ways to change the background color of a window in Tkinter. By using the configure[bg=] method of the tkinter. Tk class

Here You Can Watch The Video Two Ways To Change Background Colors – Python Kivy GUI

Similarly, Change Background Color And Text Color of Labels – Python

Frequently Asked Questions[FAQ]

How can I change my background color?

Select Start > Settings > Personalization > Colors, and then choose your own color, or let Windows pull an accent color from your background

How do I change colors in Python?

To make some of your text more readable, you can use ANSI escape codes to change the colour of the text output in your python program. A good use case for this is to to highlight errors. Add Colour to Text in Python

Text colorRedCode31Text styleBoldCode1Background colorRed

•

How do you define a color in Python?

In the RGB color model, any color can be generated by mixing 3 primary colors, namely, Red, Green, and Blue. In this model, a color can be described by specifying a group of 3 numeric values [typically ranging from 0 to 255],each specifying the intensity of Red, Green, and Blue colors present in a given color

What we use to change the background color any widget in Python?

We can customize the tkinter widgets using the tkinter. ttk module. Tkinter. ttk module is used for styling the tkinter widgets such as setting the background color, foreground color, activating the buttons, adding images to labels, justifying the height and width of widgets, etc

How do I change the color of a Button in Python?

We can also change the foreground color by using the ‘fg’ property of the button widget in Tkinter. We can also use the configure method to change the color. As we know that we can use the ‘bg’ and ‘fg’ property of the Button widget to change the color, we need to pass this variable while using the Button object

What is Tkinter default color?

The default background color of a GUI with Tkinter is grey. You can change that to any color based on your application’s requirement

How do you highlight text in Python?

Adding Highlighted Text

cú pháp. paragraph. add_run[]. font. highlight_color = Colour_Name
Parameter. Colour_Name. It is the name of the colour assign to highlight the text. It is the member of the WD_COLOR_INDEX
Note. If we don’t assign the colour then default colour is NONE

How do you change the font style in Python?

In your Python program, import tkinter. font as font, create font. Font[] object with required options and assign the Font object to font option of Button

How do you change the font in Python?

Open the Python shell. Then, in the menu bar, under Python [directly to the right of the Apple icon], you will find Preferences. Under this, you will find the Font/Tabs option, and you can change the font size according to your preference

How do I change the font color in Pycharm?

Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and select Editor . Color Scheme . Python. Select any code element you want to customize and clear the corresponding Inherit values from checkbox to change inherited color settings for this element; then specify your color and font settings

Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon in 1967

Imagine a robotic turtle starting at [0, 0] in the x-y plane. After an

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

9, give it the command

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

0, and it moves [on-screen. ] 15 pixels in the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the command

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1, and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise

Turtle star

Turtle can draw intricate shapes using programs that repeat simple moves

from turtle import *
color['red', 'yellow']
begin_fill[]
while True:
    forward[200]
    left[170]
    if abs[pos[]] >> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

8 module is an extended reimplementation of the same-named module from the Python standard distribution up to version Python 2. 5

It tries to keep the merits of the old turtle module and to be [nearly] 100% compatible with it. This means in the first place to enable the learning programmer to use all the commands, classes and methods interactively when using the module from within IDLE run with the

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

3 switch

The turtle module provides turtle graphics primitives, in both object-oriented and procedure-oriented ways. Because it uses

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4 for the underlying graphics, it needs a version of Python installed with Tk support

The object-oriented interface uses essentially two+two classes

The

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

5 class defines graphics windows as a playground for the drawing turtles. Its constructor needs a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

6 or a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

7 as argument. It should be used when

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

8 is used as part of some application

The function

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

9 returns a singleton object of a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

5 subclass. This function should be used when

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

8 is used as a standalone tool for doing graphics. As a singleton object, inheriting from its class is not possible

Tất cả các phương thức của TurtleScreen/Screen cũng tồn tại dưới dạng hàm, tôi. e. as part of the procedure-oriented interface

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

402 [alias.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

403] defines Turtle objects which draw on a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

5. Hàm tạo của nó cần một Canvas, ScrolledCanvas hoặc TurtleScreen làm đối số, vì vậy các đối tượng RawTurtle biết nơi để vẽ

Có nguồn gốc từ RawTurtle là phân lớp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

405 [bí danh.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

406], dựa trên “đối tượng”

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

407 được tạo tự động, nếu chưa có

Tất cả các phương thức của RawTurtle/Turtle cũng tồn tại dưới dạng hàm, tôi. e. một phần của giao diện hướng thủ tục

Giao diện thủ tục cung cấp các chức năng bắt nguồn từ các phương thức của các lớp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

407 và

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

405. Chúng có cùng tên với các phương thức tương ứng. Một đối tượng màn hình được tạo tự động bất cứ khi nào một hàm bắt nguồn từ phương thức Màn hình được gọi. Một đối tượng rùa [chưa được đặt tên] được tạo tự động bất cứ khi nào bất kỳ hàm nào bắt nguồn từ phương thức Rùa được gọi

Để sử dụng nhiều con rùa trên một màn hình, người ta phải sử dụng giao diện hướng đối tượng

Ghi chú

Trong tài liệu sau đây, danh sách đối số cho các hàm được đưa ra. Tất nhiên, các phương thức có đối số đầu tiên bổ sung self được bỏ qua ở đây

Tổng quan về các phương pháp Con rùa và Màn hình có sẵn¶

Phương pháp rùa¶

Chuyển động của rùa Di chuyển và vẽ

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

410.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

411

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

412.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

413.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

414

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

415.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

416

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

417.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

418

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

419 .

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

420.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

421

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

422

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

423

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

424.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

425

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

426

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

427

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

428

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

429

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

430

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

431

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

432

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

433

Cho biết trạng thái của Rùa

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

434.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

435

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

436

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

437

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

438

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

439

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

440

Cài đặt và đo lường

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

441

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

442

Điều khiển bút Trạng thái vẽ

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

443.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

444.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

445

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

446.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

447.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

448

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

449.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

450

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

451

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

452

Kiểm soát màu sắc

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

453

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

454

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

455

Filling

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

456

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

457

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

458

Kiểm soát bản vẽ nhiều hơn

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

459

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

460

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

461

Trạng thái rùaKhả năng hiển thị

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

462.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

463

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

464.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

465

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

466

Vẻ bề ngoài

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

467

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

468

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

469.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

470

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

471

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

472

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

473

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

474

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

475

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

476

Sử dụng các sự kiện

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

477

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

478

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

479

Phương pháp rùa đặc biệt

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

480

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

481

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

482

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

483

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

484.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

485

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

486

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

487

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

488

Các phương thức của TurtleScreen/Screen¶

Kiểm soát cửa sổ

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

489

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

490

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

491

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

492

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

493

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

494

kiểm soát hoạt ảnh

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

495

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

496

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

497

Sử dụng các sự kiện màn hình

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

498

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

499.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1200

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1201

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

477.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1203

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1204

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1205.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1206

Cài đặt và phương pháp đặc biệt

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1207

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1208

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1209

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1210

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1211.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1212

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1213

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1214

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1215

Phương thức nhập liệu

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1216

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1217

Các phương pháp dành riêng cho Màn hình

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1218

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1219

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1220

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1221

Các phương thức của RawTurtle/Turtle và các hàm tương ứng¶

Hầu hết các ví dụ trong phần này đề cập đến một cá thể Rùa có tên là

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

Chuyển động của rùa¶

rùa. về phía trước[khoảng cách] ¶ . turtle.fd[khoảng cách] ¶

khoảng cách – một số [số nguyên hoặc số thực]

Di chuyển rùa về phía trước theo khoảng cách xác định, theo hướng rùa đang đi

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. lùi lại[khoảng cách] ¶ . turtle.bk[khoảng cách] ¶ . turtle.lùi lại[khoảng cách] ¶

khoảng cách - một con số

Di chuyển rùa lùi một đoạn, ngược với hướng rùa đi. Không thay đổi tiêu đề của rùa

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. phải[góc] ¶ . turtle.rt[góc] ¶

góc – một số [số nguyên hoặc số float]

Xoay rùa sang phải theo đơn vị góc. [Các đơn vị theo độ mặc định, nhưng có thể được đặt thông qua các hàm

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

441 và

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

442. ] Định hướng góc phụ thuộc vào chế độ con rùa, xem

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1207

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. trái[góc] ¶ . turtle.lt[góc] ¶

góc – một số [số nguyên hoặc số float]

Xoay rùa sang trái theo đơn vị góc. [Các đơn vị theo độ mặc định, nhưng có thể được đặt thông qua các hàm

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

441 và

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

442. ] Định hướng góc phụ thuộc vào chế độ con rùa, xem

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1207

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. goto[x , y . =None]¶turtle.đặt vị trí[x , y . =None]¶turtle.vị trí đặt[x , y=None]¶Parameters

x – một số hoặc một cặp/vectơ số

y – một số hoặc

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229

Nếu y là

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, x phải là một cặp tọa độ hoặc một

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1231 [e. g. như được trả về bởi

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

435]

Di chuyển rùa đến một vị trí tuyệt đối. Nếu bút xuống, vẽ đường. Không thay đổi hướng của rùa

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. setx[x] ¶

x – một số [số nguyên hoặc số thực]

Đặt tọa độ đầu tiên của rùa thành x, giữ nguyên tọa độ thứ hai

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. bộ[y] ¶

y – một số [số nguyên hoặc số thực]

Đặt tọa độ thứ hai của rùa thành y, giữ nguyên tọa độ đầu tiên

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. tiêu đề[to_angle] ¶ . turtle.seth[to_angle] ¶

to_angle – a number [integer or float]

Đặt hướng của rùa thành to_angle. Dưới đây là một số hướng phổ biến theo độ

chế độ căn bản

chế độ logo

0 - đông

0 - bắc

90 - bắc

90 - đông

180 - tây

180 - nam

270 - nam

270 - tây

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

rùa. nhà[] ¶

Di chuyển con rùa đến điểm gốc – tọa độ [0,0] – và đặt tiêu đề của nó thành hướng bắt đầu [tùy thuộc vào chế độ, xem

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1207]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. hình tròn[bán kính , phạm vi=None, steps=None]¶Parameters

bán kính - một số

phạm vi – một số [hoặc

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229]

các bước – một số nguyên [hoặc

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229]

Vẽ đường tròn có bán kính cho trước. Trung tâm là các đơn vị bán kính bên trái của con rùa; . Nếu phạm vi không được đưa ra, hãy vẽ toàn bộ vòng tròn. Nếu phạm vi không phải là một vòng tròn đầy đủ, một điểm cuối của vòng cung là vị trí bút hiện tại. Vẽ cung theo hướng ngược chiều kim đồng hồ nếu bán kính dương, ngược lại theo chiều kim đồng hồ. Cuối cùng, hướng của rùa được thay đổi theo mức độ

Vì hình tròn được xấp xỉ bằng một đa giác đều nội tiếp, các bước xác định số bước sẽ sử dụng. Nếu không được cung cấp, nó sẽ được tính toán tự động. Có thể được sử dụng để vẽ đa giác thông thường

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. chấm[kích thước=Không, *color]¶Parameters

size – một số nguyên >= 1 [nếu có]
màu – một chuỗi màu hoặc một bộ màu số

Vẽ một chấm tròn có kích thước đường kính, sử dụng màu. Nếu kích thước không được cung cấp, thì tối đa pensize+4 và 2*pensize được sử dụng

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. đóng dấu[] ¶

Đóng dấu một bản sao của hình con rùa lên canvas ở vị trí con rùa hiện tại. Trả lại một tem_id cho tem đó, có thể được sử dụng để xóa nó bằng cách gọi

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1236

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. dấu xóa[dấu] ¶

Stampid – một số nguyên, phải là giá trị trả về của lệnh gọi

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

429 trước đó

Xóa tem với tem đã cho

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. dấu xóa[n=Không]¶Parameters

n – một số nguyên [hoặc

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229]

Xóa tất cả hoặc n tem đầu tiên/cuối cùng của rùa. Nếu n là

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, xóa tất cả tem, nếu n > 0 xóa n tem đầu tiên, ngược lại nếu n < 0 xóa n tem cuối cùng

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. hoàn tác[] ¶

Hoàn tác [nhiều lần] [các] hành động rùa cuối cùng. Number of available undo actions is determined by the size of the undobuffer

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

rùa. tốc độ[tốc độ=Không]¶Parameters

tốc độ – một số nguyên trong phạm vi 0. 10 hoặc dây tốc độ [xem bên dưới]

Đặt tốc độ của rùa thành một giá trị nguyên trong phạm vi 0. 10. Nếu không có đối số nào được đưa ra, hãy trả về tốc độ hiện tại

Nếu đầu vào là một số lớn hơn 10 hoặc nhỏ hơn 0. 5, tốc độ được đặt thành 0. Dây tốc độ được ánh xạ tới các giá trị tốc độ như sau

“nhanh nhất”. 0
"Nhanh". 10
"thông thường". 6
"chậm". 3
“chậm nhất”. 1

Tốc độ từ 1 đến 10 thực thi hoạt ảnh vẽ đường thẳng và xoay rùa ngày càng nhanh hơn

Chú ý. tốc độ = 0 có nghĩa là không có hoạt ảnh nào diễn ra. tiến/lùi khiến rùa nhảy và tương tự trái/phải khiến rùa quay ngay lập tức

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

Tell Turtle’s state¶

turtle. position[] ¶ turtle. pos[] ¶

Return the turtle’s current location [x,y] [as a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1231 vector]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

turtle. towards[x , y=None] ¶Parameters

x – a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance

y – a number if x is a number, else

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229

Return the angle between the line from turtle position to position specified by [x,y], the vector or the other turtle. This depends on the turtle’s start orientation which depends on the mode - “standard”/”world” or “logo”

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

turtle. xcor[] ¶

Return the turtle’s x coordinate

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

turtle. ycor[] ¶

Return the turtle’s y coordinate

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

120

turtle. heading[] ¶

Return the turtle’s current heading [value depends on the turtle mode, see

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1207]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

121

turtle. distance[x , y=None] ¶Parameters

x – a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance

y – a number if x is a number, else

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229

Return the distance from the turtle to [x,y], the given vector, or the given other turtle, in turtle step units

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

122

Settings for measurement¶

turtle. degrees[fullcircle=360. 0] ¶Parameters

fullcircle – a number

Set angle measurement units, i. e. set number of “degrees” for a full circle. Default value is 360 degrees

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

123

turtle. radians[] ¶

Set the angle measurement units to radians. Equivalent to

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1244

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

124

Pen control¶

Drawing state¶

turtle. pendown[] ¶ turtle. pd[] ¶ turtle. down[] ¶

Pull the pen down – drawing when moving

turtle. penup[] ¶ turtle. pu[] ¶ turtle. up[] ¶

Pull the pen up – no drawing when moving

turtle. pensize[width=None] ¶ turtle. width[width=None] ¶Parameters

width – a positive number

Set the line thickness to width or return it. If resizemode is set to “auto” and turtleshape is a polygon, that polygon is drawn with the same line thickness. If no argument is given, the current pensize is returned

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

125

turtle. pen[pen=None , **pendict] ¶Parameters

pen – a dictionary with some or all of the below listed keys
pendict – one or more keyword-arguments with the below listed keys as keywords

Return or set the pen’s attributes in a “pen-dictionary” with the following key/value pairs

“shown”. True/False
“pendown”. True/False
“pencolor”. color-string or color-tuple
“fillcolor”. color-string or color-tuple
“pensize”. positive number
“speed”. number in range 0. 10
“resizemode”. “auto” or “user” or “noresize”
“stretchfactor”. [positive number, positive number]
“outline”. positive number
“tilt”. number

This dictionary can be used as argument for a subsequent call to

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

451 to restore the former pen-state. Moreover one or more of these attributes can be provided as keyword-arguments. This can be used to set several pen attributes in one statement

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

126

turtle. isdown[] ¶

Return

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246 if pen is down,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1247 if it’s up

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

127

Color control¶

turtle. pencolor[*args] ¶

Return or set the pencolor

Four input formats are allowed

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

454

Return the current pencolor as color specification string or as a tuple [see example]. May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1249

Set pencolor to colorstring, which is a Tk color specification string, such as

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1250,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1251, or

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1252

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1253

Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by the tuple of r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0. colormode, where colormode is either 1. 0 or 255 [see

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1208]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1255

Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0. colormode

If turtleshape is a polygon, the outline of that polygon is drawn with the newly set pencolor

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

128

turtle. fillcolor[*args] ¶

Return or set the fillcolor

Four input formats are allowed

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

455

Return the current fillcolor as color specification string, possibly in tuple format [see example]. Có thể được sử dụng làm đầu vào cho lệnh gọi color/pencolor/fillcolor khác

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1257

Đặt màu tô thành chuỗi màu, là chuỗi đặc tả màu Tk, chẳng hạn như

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1250,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1251 hoặc

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1252

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1261

Đặt màu tô thành màu RGB được biểu thị bằng bộ của r, g và b. Mỗi r, g và b phải nằm trong phạm vi 0. colormode, trong đó colormode là 1. 0 hoặc 255 [xem

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1208]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1263

Đặt màu tô thành màu RGB được biểu thị bằng r, g và b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0. chế độ màu

If turtleshape is a polygon, the interior of that polygon is drawn with the newly set fillcolor

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

129

turtle. color[*args] ¶

Return or set pencolor and fillcolor

Several input formats are allowed. They use 0 to 3 arguments as follows

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

453

Return the current pencolor and the current fillcolor as a pair of color specification strings or tuples as returned by

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

454 and

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

455

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1267,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1268,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1269

Inputs as in

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

454, set both, fillcolor and pencolor, to the given value

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1271,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1272

Equivalent to

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1273 and

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1274 and analogously if the other input format is used

If turtleshape is a polygon, outline and interior of that polygon is drawn with the newly set colors

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

400

Filling¶

turtle. filling[] ¶

Return fillstate [

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246 if filling,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1247 else]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

401

turtle. begin_fill[] ¶

To be called just before drawing a shape to be filled

turtle. end_fill[] ¶

Fill the shape drawn after the last call to

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

457

Whether or not overlap regions for self-intersecting polygons or multiple shapes are filled depends on the operating system graphics, type of overlap, and number of overlaps. For example, the Turtle star above may be either all yellow or have some white regions

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

402

More drawing control¶

turtle. reset[] ¶

Delete the turtle’s drawings from the screen, re-center the turtle and set variables to the default values

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

403

turtle. clear[] ¶

Delete the turtle’s drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. State and position of the turtle as well as drawings of other turtles are not affected

turtle. write[arg , move=False , align='left' , font=['Arial', 8, 'normal']] ¶Parameters

arg – object to be written to the TurtleScreen
move – True/False
align – one of the strings “left”, “center” or right”
font – a triple [fontname, fontsize, fonttype]

Write text - the string representation of arg - at the current turtle position according to align [“left”, “center” or “right”] and with the given font. If move is true, the pen is moved to the bottom-right corner of the text. By default, move is

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1247

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

404

Turtle state¶

Visibility¶

turtle. hideturtle[] ¶ turtle. ht[] ¶

Make the turtle invisible. It’s a good idea to do this while you’re in the middle of doing some complex drawing, because hiding the turtle speeds up the drawing observably

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

405

turtle. showturtle[] ¶ turtle. st[] ¶

Make the turtle visible

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

406

turtle. isvisible[] ¶

Return

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246 if the Turtle is shown,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1247 if it’s hidden

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

407

Appearance¶

turtle. shape[name=None] ¶Parameters

name – a string which is a valid shapename

Set turtle shape to shape with given name or, if name is not given, return name of current shape. Shape with name must exist in the TurtleScreen’s shape dictionary. Initially there are the following polygon shapes. “arrow”, “turtle”, “circle”, “square”, “triangle”, “classic”. To learn about how to deal with shapes see Screen method

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1211

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

408

turtle. resizemode[rmode=None] ¶Parameters

rmode – one of the strings “auto”, “user”, “noresize”

Set resizemode to one of the values. “auto”, “user”, “noresize”. If rmode is not given, return current resizemode. Different resizemodes have the following effects

“auto”. adapts the appearance of the turtle corresponding to the value of pensize

“user”. adapts the appearance of the turtle according to the values of stretchfactor and outlinewidth [outline], which are set by

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

469

“noresize”. no adaption of the turtle’s appearance takes place

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1284 is called by

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

469 when used with arguments

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

409

turtle. shapesize[stretch_wid=None , stretch_len=None , outline=None] ¶ turtle. turtlesize[stretch_wid=None , stretch_len=None , outline=None] ¶Parameters

stretch_wid – positive number
stretch_len – positive number
outline – positive number

Return or set the pen’s attributes x/y-stretchfactors and/or outline. Set resizemode to “user”. If and only if resizemode is set to “user”, the turtle will be displayed stretched according to its stretchfactors. stretch_wid is stretchfactor perpendicular to its orientation, stretch_len is stretchfactor in direction of its orientation, outline determines the width of the shapes’s outline

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

440

turtle. shearfactor[shear=None] ¶Parameters

shear – number [optional]

Set or return the current shearfactor. Shear the turtleshape according to the given shearfactor shear, which is the tangent of the shear angle. Không thay đổi tiêu đề của rùa [hướng di chuyển]. If shear is not given. trả lại shearfactor hiện tại, tôi. e. the tangent of the shear angle, by which lines parallel to the heading of the turtle are sheared

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

441

turtle. tilt[angle] ¶Parameters

angle – a number

Rotate the turtleshape by angle from its current tilt-angle, but do not change the turtle’s heading [direction of movement]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

442

turtle. settiltangle[angle] ¶Parameters

angle – a number

Rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, regardless of its current tilt-angle. Do not change the turtle’s heading [direction of movement]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

443

Không dùng nữa kể từ phiên bản 3. 1

turtle. tiltangle[angle=None] ¶Parameters

angle – a number [optional]

Set or return the current tilt-angle. If angle is given, rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, regardless of its current tilt-angle. Do not change the turtle’s heading [direction of movement]. If angle is not given. return the current tilt-angle, i. e. the angle between the orientation of the turtleshape and the heading of the turtle [its direction of movement]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

444

turtle. shapetransform[t11=None , t12=None , t21=None , t22=None] ¶Parameters

t11 – a number [optional]
t12 – a number [optional]
t21 – a number [optional]
t12 – a number [optional]

Set or return the current transformation matrix of the turtle shape

If none of the matrix elements are given, return the transformation matrix as a tuple of 4 elements. Otherwise set the given elements and transform the turtleshape according to the matrix consisting of first row t11, t12 and second row t21, t22. The determinant t11 * t22 - t12 * t21 must not be zero, otherwise an error is raised. Modify stretchfactor, shearfactor and tiltangle according to the given matrix

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

445

turtle. get_shapepoly[] ¶

Return the current shape polygon as tuple of coordinate pairs. This can be used to define a new shape or components of a compound shape

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

446

Using events¶

turtle. title[fun , btn=1 , add=None] Parameters

fun – a function with two arguments which will be called with the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas
btn – number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 [left mouse button]

add –

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246 or

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1247 – if

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246, a new binding will be added, otherwise it will replace a former binding

Bind fun to mouse-click events on this turtle. If fun is

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, existing bindings are removed. Example for the anonymous turtle, i. e. the procedural way

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

447

turtle. onrelease[fun , btn=1 , add=None] ¶Parameters

fun – a function with two arguments which will be called with the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas
btn – number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 [left mouse button]

add –

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246 or

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1247 – if

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246, a new binding will be added, otherwise it will replace a former binding

Bind fun to mouse-button-release events on this turtle. If fun is

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, existing bindings are removed

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

448

turtle. ondrag[fun , btn=1 , add=None] ¶Parameters

fun – a function with two arguments which will be called with the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas
btn – number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 [left mouse button]

add –

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246 or

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1247 – if

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246, a new binding will be added, otherwise it will replace a former binding

Bind fun to mouse-move events on this turtle. If fun is

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, existing bindings are removed

Remark. Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a mouse-click event on that turtle

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

449

Subsequently, clicking and dragging the Turtle will move it across the screen thereby producing handdrawings [if pen is down]

Special Turtle methods¶

turtle. begin_poly[] ¶

Start recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is first vertex of polygon

turtle. end_poly[] ¶

Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is last vertex of polygon. This will be connected with the first vertex

turtle. get_poly[] ¶

Return the last recorded polygon

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

490

turtle. clone[] ¶

Create and return a clone of the turtle with same position, heading and turtle properties

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

491

turtle. getturtle[] ¶ turtle. getpen[] ¶

Return the Turtle object itself. Only reasonable use. as a function to return the “anonymous turtle”

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

492

turtle. getscreen[] ¶

Return the

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

5 object the turtle is drawing on. TurtleScreen methods can then be called for that object

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

493

turtle. setundobuffer[size] ¶Parameters

size – an integer or

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229

Set or disable undobuffer. If size is an integer, an empty undobuffer of given size is installed. size gives the maximum number of turtle actions that can be undone by the

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

432 method/function. If size is

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, the undobuffer is disabled

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

494

turtle. undobufferentries[] ¶

Return number of entries in the undobuffer

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

495

Compound shapes¶

To use compound turtle shapes, which consist of several polygons of different color, you must use the helper class

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4002 explicitly as described below

Create an empty Shape object of type “compound”

Add as many components to this object as desired, using the

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4003 method

For example

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

496

Now add the Shape to the Screen’s shapelist and use it

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

497

Ghi chú

The

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4002 class is used internally by the

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1211 method in different ways. The application programmer has to deal with the Shape class only when using compound shapes like shown above

Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen and corresponding functions¶

Most of the examples in this section refer to a TurtleScreen instance called

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4006

Window control¶

turtle. bgcolor[*args] ¶Parameters

args – a color string or three numbers in the range 0. colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers

Set or return background color of the TurtleScreen

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

498

turtle. bgpic[picname=None] ¶Parameters

picname – a string, name of a gif-file or

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4007, or

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229

Set background image or return name of current backgroundimage. If picname is a filename, set the corresponding image as background. If picname is

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4007, delete background image, if present. If picname is

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, return the filename of the current backgroundimage

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

499

turtle. xóa[]

Ghi chú

This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the name

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4011. The global function

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4012 is a different one derived from the Turtle method

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4012

turtle. clearscreen[] ¶

Delete all drawings and all turtles from the TurtleScreen. Đặt lại TurtleScreen hiện đang trống về trạng thái ban đầu. nền trắng, không có hình nền, không có ràng buộc sự kiện và theo dõi trên

rùa. đặt lại[]

Ghi chú

This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the name

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4014. Hàm toàn cục

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4015 là một hàm khác bắt nguồn từ phương thức Rùa

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4015

turtle. resetscreen[] ¶

Reset all Turtles on the Screen to their initial state

turtle. screensize[canvwidth=None , canvheight=None , bg=None] ¶Parameters

canvwidth – positive integer, new width of canvas in pixels
canvheight – positive integer, new height of canvas in pixels
bg – colorstring or color-tuple, new background color

If no arguments are given, return current [canvaswidth, canvasheight]. Else resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. Do not alter the drawing window. To observe hidden parts of the canvas, use the scrollbars. With this method, one can make visible those parts of a drawing which were outside the canvas before

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

500

e. g. to search for an erroneously escaped turtle ;-]

turtle. setworldcoordinates[llx , lly , urx , ury] ¶Parameters

llx – a number, x-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas
lly – a number, y-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas
urx – a number, x-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas
ury – a number, y-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas

Set up user-defined coordinate system and switch to mode “world” if necessary. This performs a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4017. If mode “world” is already active, all drawings are redrawn according to the new coordinates

ATTENTION. in user-defined coordinate systems angles may appear distorted

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

501

Animation control¶

turtle. delay[delay=None] ¶Parameters

delay – positive integer

Set or return the drawing delay in milliseconds. [This is approximately the time interval between two consecutive canvas updates. ] The longer the drawing delay, the slower the animation

Optional argument

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

502

turtle. tracer[n=None , delay=None] ¶Parameters

n – nonnegative integer
delay – nonnegative integer

Turn turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. [Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics. ] When called without arguments, returns the currently stored value of n. Second argument sets delay value [see

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

495]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

503

turtle. update[] ¶

Perform a TurtleScreen update. To be used when tracer is turned off

Using screen events¶

turtle. listen[xdummy=None , ydummy=None] ¶

Set focus on TurtleScreen [in order to collect key-events]. Dummy arguments are provided in order to be able to pass

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

498 to the title method

turtle. onkey[fun , key] ¶ turtle. onkeyrelease[fun , key] ¶Parameters

fun – a function with no arguments or

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229

key – a string. key [e. g. “a”] or key-symbol [e. g. “space”]

Bind fun to key-release event of key. If fun is

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, event bindings are removed. Remark. in order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen must have the focus. [See method

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

498. ]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

504

turtle. onkeypress[fun , key=None] ¶Parameters

fun – a function with no arguments or

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229

key – a string. key [e. g. “a”] or key-symbol [e. g. “space”]

Bind fun to key-press event of key if key is given, or to any key-press-event if no key is given. Remark. in order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen must have focus. [See method

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

498. ]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

505

turtle. title[fun , btn=1 , add=None] ¶ turtle. onscreenclick[fun , btn=1 , add=None] ¶Parameters

fun – a function with two arguments which will be called with the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas
btn – number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 [left mouse button]

add –

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246 or

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1247 – if

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246, a new binding will be added, otherwise it will replace a former binding

Bind fun to mouse-click events on this screen. If fun is

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, existing bindings are removed

Example for a TurtleScreen instance named

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4006 and a Turtle instance named

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

506

Ghi chú

This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the name

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4032. The global function

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4033 is another one derived from the Turtle method

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4033

turtle. ontimer[fun , t=0] ¶Parameters

fun – a function with no arguments
t – a number >= 0

Install a timer that calls fun after t milliseconds

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

507

turtle. mainloop[] ¶ turtle. done[] ¶

Starts event loop - calling Tkinter’s mainloop function. Must be the last statement in a turtle graphics program. Must not be used if a script is run from within IDLE in -n mode [No subprocess] - for interactive use of turtle graphics

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

508

Input methods¶

turtle. textinput[title , prompt] ¶Parameters

title – string
prompt – string

Pop up a dialog window for input of a string. Parameter title is the title of the dialog window, prompt is a text mostly describing what information to input. Return the string input. If the dialog is canceled, return

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

509

turtle. numinput[title , prompt , default=None , minval=None , maxval=None] ¶Parameters

title – string
prompt – string
default – number [optional]
minval – number [optional]
maxval – number [optional]

Bật lên một cửa sổ hộp thoại để nhập số. tiêu đề là tiêu đề của cửa sổ hộp thoại, dấu nhắc là văn bản chủ yếu mô tả thông tin số cần nhập. default. default value, minval. minimum value for input, maxval. maximum value for input. The number input must be in the range minval . maxval nếu chúng được đưa ra. Nếu không, một gợi ý sẽ được đưa ra và hộp thoại vẫn mở để chỉnh sửa. Trả về số đầu vào. Nếu hộp thoại bị hủy, hãy trả lại

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

510

Cài đặt và phương pháp đặc biệt¶

rùa. chế độ[chế độ=Không có]¶Parameters

chế độ – một trong các chuỗi “tiêu chuẩn”, “logo” hoặc “thế giới”

Đặt chế độ rùa [“tiêu chuẩn”, “logo” hoặc “thế giới”] và thực hiện đặt lại. Nếu chế độ không được cung cấp, chế độ hiện tại được trả về

Chế độ “tiêu chuẩn” tương thích với

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

8 cũ. Chế độ “logo” tương thích với hầu hết đồ họa Logo rùa. Chế độ “thế giới” sử dụng “tọa độ thế giới” do người dùng xác định. Chú ý. ở chế độ này, các góc có vẻ bị biến dạng nếu tỷ lệ đơn vị của

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4038 không bằng 1

Mode

tiêu đề rùa ban đầu

góc dương

"Tiêu chuẩn"

bên phải [phía đông]

ngược chiều kim đồng hồ

"Logo"

hướng lên trên [bắc]

theo chiều kim đồng hồ

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

511

rùa. chế độ màu[cmode=Không có]¶Parameters

cmode – một trong các giá trị 1. 0 hoặc 255

Trả về colormode hoặc đặt thành 1. 0 hoặc 255. Sau đó, các giá trị r, g, b của bộ ba màu phải nằm trong khoảng 0. *chế độ*

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

512

rùa. getcanvas[] ¶

Trả lại Canvas của TurtleScreen này. Hữu ích cho những người trong cuộc biết phải làm gì với Tkinter Canvas

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

513

rùa. hình dạng[] ¶

Trả về danh sách tên của tất cả các hình con rùa hiện có

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

514

rùa. register_shape[tên , hình . =None]¶turtle.thêm hình dạng[tên , hình dạng=None]¶

Có ba cách khác nhau để gọi chức năng này

tên là tên của tệp gif và hình dạng là

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229. Cài đặt hình ảnh tương ứng

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

515

Ghi chú

Các hình ảnh không xoay khi xoay rùa nên không hiển thị tiêu đề của rùa

tên là một chuỗi tùy ý và hình dạng là một bộ các cặp tọa độ. Cài đặt hình đa giác tương ứng

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

516

tên là một chuỗi tùy ý và hình dạng là một đối tượng [hợp chất]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4002. Cài đặt hình ghép tương ứng

Add a turtle shape to TurtleScreen’s shapelist. Only thusly registered shapes can be used by issuing the command

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4041

turtle. turtles[] ¶

Return the list of turtles on the screen

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

517

turtle. window_height[] ¶

Return the height of the turtle window

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

518

turtle. window_width[] ¶

Return the width of the turtle window

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

519

Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen¶

turtle. bye[] ¶

Shut the turtlegraphics window

turtle. exit title[] ¶

Bind

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1218 method to mouse clicks on the Screen

If the value “using_IDLE” in the configuration dictionary is

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1247 [default value], also enter mainloop. Remark. If IDLE with the

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

3 switch [no subprocess] is used, this value should be set to

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246 in

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4046. In this case IDLE’s own mainloop is active also for the client script

turtle. setup[width=_CFG['width'] , height=_CFG['height'] , startx=_CFG['leftright'] , starty=_CFG['topbottom']] ¶

Set the size and position of the main window. Default values of arguments are stored in the configuration dictionary and can be changed via a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4046 file

Parameters

width – if an integer, a size in pixels, if a float, a fraction of the screen; default is 50% of screen
height – if an integer, the height in pixels, if a float, a fraction of the screen; default is 75% of screen

startx – if positive, starting position in pixels from the left edge of the screen, if negative from the right edge, if

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, center window horizontally

starty – if positive, starting position in pixels from the top edge of the screen, if negative from the bottom edge, if

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229, center window vertically

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

turtle. title[titlestring] ¶Parameters

titlestring – a string that is shown in the titlebar of the turtle graphics window

Set title of turtle window to titlestring

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

Public classes¶

class turtle. RawTurtle[canvas] ¶ class turtle. RawPen[canvas] ¶Parameters

canvas – a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

6, a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

7 or a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

Create a turtle. The turtle has all methods described above as “methods of Turtle/RawTurtle”

class turtle. Turtle ¶

Subclass of RawTurtle, has the same interface but draws on a default

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

407 object created automatically when needed for the first time

class turtle. TurtleScreen[cv] ¶Parameters

cv – a

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

Provides screen oriented methods like

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4055 etc. that are described above

class turtle. Screen ¶

Subclass of TurtleScreen, with four methods added .

class turtle. ScrolledCanvas[master] ¶Parameters

master – some Tkinter widget to contain the ScrolledCanvas, i. e. a Tkinter-canvas with scrollbars added

Được sử dụng bởi lớp Screen, do đó tự động cung cấp ScrolledCanvas làm sân chơi cho rùa

lớp rùa. Shape[type_ , data] ¶Parameters

type_ – one of the strings “polygon”, “image”, “compound”

Hình dạng mô hình cấu trúc dữ liệu. Cặp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4056 phải tuân theo thông số kỹ thuật này

loại hình_

dữ liệu

“đa giác”

một đa giác-tuple, tôi. e. một bộ các cặp tọa độ

"hình ảnh"

một hình ảnh [ở dạng này chỉ được sử dụng trong nội bộ. ]

"hợp chất"

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1229 [một hình ghép phải được dựng bằng phương pháp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4003]

thêm thành phần[nhiều , điền, outline=None]¶Parameters

poly – một đa giác, i. e. một bộ các cặp số
tô màu – một màu poly sẽ được lấp đầy
phác thảo - một màu cho đường viền của poly [nếu có]

Thí dụ

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

Xem Các hình ghép .

lớp rùa. Vec2D[x , y]¶

Lớp vectơ hai chiều, được sử dụng làm lớp trợ giúp để triển khai đồ họa con rùa. Cũng có thể hữu ích cho các chương trình đồ họa rùa. Xuất phát từ bộ, vì vậy một vectơ là một bộ

Cung cấp [cho vectơ a, b, số k]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4059 vector addition

Phép trừ véc tơ

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4060

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4061 sản phẩm bên trong

Phép nhân

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4062 và

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4063 với vô hướng

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4064 giá trị tuyệt đối của a

Vòng quay

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4065

Trợ giúp và cấu hình¶

Cách sử dụng trợ giúp¶

Các phương thức công khai của các lớp Màn hình và Rùa được ghi lại rộng rãi thông qua các tài liệu. Vì vậy, chúng có thể được sử dụng làm trợ giúp trực tuyến thông qua các tiện ích trợ giúp của Python

Khi sử dụng IDLE, chú giải công cụ hiển thị chữ ký và dòng đầu tiên của chuỗi tài liệu được nhập trong lệnh gọi hàm/phương thức

Gọi

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4066 trên các phương thức hoặc chức năng sẽ hiển thị các chuỗi tài liệu

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

Các tài liệu của các chức năng bắt nguồn từ các phương thức có dạng được sửa đổi
```
>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
```
4

Các chuỗi tài liệu đã sửa đổi này được tạo tự động cùng với các định nghĩa hàm bắt nguồn từ các phương thức tại thời điểm nhập

Dịch tài liệu sang các ngôn ngữ khác nhau¶

Có một tiện ích để tạo một từ điển, các khóa là tên phương thức và giá trị của chúng là chuỗi tài liệu của các phương thức công khai của các lớp Màn hình và Con rùa

rùa. write_docstringdict[tên tệp=']¶Parameters

tên tệp - một chuỗi, được sử dụng làm tên tệp

Tạo và viết từ điển chuỗi tài liệu vào tập lệnh Python với tên tệp đã cho. Chức năng này phải được gọi rõ ràng [nó không được sử dụng bởi các lớp đồ họa con rùa]. Từ điển chuỗi tài liệu sẽ được ghi vào tập lệnh Python

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4067. Nó được dùng làm khuôn mẫu để dịch các chuỗi tài liệu sang các ngôn ngữ khác nhau

Nếu bạn [hoặc học sinh của bạn] muốn sử dụng

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

8 với sự trợ giúp trực tuyến bằng ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ của mình, bạn phải dịch các chuỗi tài liệu và lưu tệp kết quả dưới dạng e. g.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4069

Nếu bạn có một mục thích hợp trong tệp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4046 của mình, từ điển này sẽ được đọc tại thời điểm nhập và sẽ thay thế các chuỗi tài liệu gốc bằng tiếng Anh

Tại thời điểm viết bài này, có các từ điển chuỗi tài liệu bằng tiếng Đức và tiếng Ý. [Các yêu cầu vui lòng tham khảo @ aon . tại. ]

Cách định cấu hình Màn hình và Rùa¶

Cấu hình mặc định tích hợp bắt chước giao diện và hành vi của mô-đun rùa cũ để duy trì khả năng tương thích tốt nhất có thể với nó

Nếu bạn muốn sử dụng một cấu hình khác phản ánh tốt hơn các tính năng của mô-đun này hoặc phù hợp hơn với nhu cầu của bạn, hãy. g. để sử dụng trong lớp học, bạn có thể chuẩn bị tệp cấu hình

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4046 sẽ được đọc tại thời điểm nhập và sửa đổi cấu hình theo cài đặt của nó

Cấu hình tích hợp sẽ tương ứng với con rùa sau. cfg

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

Giải thích ngắn về các mục đã chọn

Bốn dòng đầu tiên tương ứng với các đối số của phương thức

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4072

Dòng 5 và 6 tương ứng với các đối số của phương thức

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4073

hình dạng có thể là bất kỳ hình dạng tích hợp nào, e. g. mũi tên, rùa, vv. Để biết thêm thông tin, hãy thử

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4074

Nếu bạn muốn sử dụng không tô màu [tôi. e. làm cho con rùa trong suốt], bạn phải viết
```
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0
```
4075 [nhưng tất cả các chuỗi không trống không được có dấu ngoặc kép trong tệp cfg]

Nếu bạn muốn phản ánh trạng thái của rùa, bạn phải sử dụng

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4076

Nếu bạn đặt e. g.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4077 docstringdict

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4078 sẽ được tải vào thời điểm nhập [nếu xuất hiện trên đường dẫn nhập, e. g. trong cùng thư mục với

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

Các mục exampleturtle và examplescreen xác định tên của các đối tượng này khi chúng xuất hiện trong chuỗi tài liệu. Việc chuyển đổi method-docstrings thành function-docstrings sẽ xóa những tên này khỏi docstrings

sử dụng_IDLE. Đặt giá trị này thành

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246 nếu bạn thường xuyên làm việc với IDLE và công tắc

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

3 của nó [“không có quy trình con”]. Điều này sẽ ngăn

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1219 vào vòng lặp chính

Có thể có một tệp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4046 trong thư mục lưu trữ

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

8 và một tệp bổ sung trong thư mục làm việc hiện tại. Cái sau sẽ ghi đè cài đặt của cái đầu tiên

Thư mục

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4085 chứa tệp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4046. Bạn có thể nghiên cứu nó như một ví dụ và xem tác dụng của nó khi chạy các bản demo [tốt nhất là không phải từ bên trong trình xem bản demo]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4087 — Tập lệnh demo¶

Gói

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4087 bao gồm một tập lệnh demo. Có thể chạy và xem các tập lệnh này bằng trình xem demo được cung cấp như sau

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

Ngoài ra, bạn có thể chạy các tập lệnh demo riêng lẻ. Ví dụ,

>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0

Thư mục gói

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4087 chứa

Trình xem demo ________ 14090 có thể được sử dụng để xem mã nguồn của các tập lệnh và chạy chúng cùng một lúc
Nhiều tập lệnh thể hiện các tính năng khác nhau của mô-đun
```
>>> turtle.setheading[90]
>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
```
8. Các ví dụ có thể được truy cập thông qua menu Ví dụ. Chúng cũng có thể được chạy độc lập

Tệp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4046 dùng làm ví dụ về cách viết và sử dụng các tệp đó

Các kịch bản demo là

Tên

Sự mô tả

Đặc trưng

thiết kế phụ

mô hình đồ họa rùa cổ điển phức tạp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

496, trì hoãn,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

497

sự hỗn loạn

biểu đồ động lực học Verhulst, cho thấy rằng các tính toán của máy tính đôi khi có thể tạo ra kết quả trái với mong đợi thông thường

tọa độ thế giới

cái đồng hồ

đồng hồ analog hiển thị thời gian của máy tính của bạn

rùa như kim đồng hồ, hẹn giờ

máy pha màu

thử nghiệm với r, g, b

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

479

rừng

3 cây theo chiều rộng

ngẫu nhiên hóa

đường cong fractal

Đường cong Hilbert & Koch

đệ quy

cây bồ đề

dân tộc học [kolams Ấn Độ]

Hệ thống chữ L

min_hanoi

Tháp Hà Nội

Rùa Chữ Nhật dạng đĩa Hà Nội [hình dáng, kích thước]

nim

chơi game nim cổ điển với ba đống gậy trên máy tính

rùa như nimsticks, điều khiển sự kiện [chuột, bàn phím]

sơn

chương trình vẽ siêu tối giản

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

477

hòa bình

tiểu học

rùa. xuất hiện và hoạt hình

hoa hồng

lát gạch định kỳ với diều và phi tiêu

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

429

hành_tinh_và_mặt_trăng

mô phỏng hệ trọng lực

hình ghép,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1231

round_dance

rùa nhảy múa quay theo cặp theo hướng ngược lại

hình ghép, nhân bản shapesize, tilt, get_shapepoly, cập nhật

sorting_animate

trình diễn trực quan các phương pháp sắp xếp khác nhau

căn chỉnh đơn giản, ngẫu nhiên

cây

cây đầu tiên có chiều rộng [đồ họa] [sử dụng trình tạo]

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

483

two_canvases

Thiết kế đơn giản

rùa trên hai bức tranh

wikipedia

một mẫu từ bài viết trên wikipedia về đồ họa con rùa

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

483,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

432

yinyang

một ví dụ cơ bản khác

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

427

Chúc vui vẻ

Những thay đổi kể từ Python 2. 6¶

Các phương thức

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4403,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4404 và

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4405 đã bị loại bỏ. Các phương thức có các tên và chức năng này hiện chỉ khả dụng dưới dạng các phương thức của

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

407. Các chức năng bắt nguồn từ những vẫn có sẵn. [Thực tế đã có trong Python 2. 6 các phương thức này chỉ đơn thuần là bản sao của các phương thức

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

407 tương ứng. ]

Phương pháp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4409 đã bị loại bỏ. Hành vi của

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

457 và

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

458 đã thay đổi một chút. bây giờ mọi quy trình điền phải được hoàn thành bằng lệnh gọi

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

458

Một phương pháp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4413 đã được thêm vào. Nó trả về một giá trị boolean.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1246 nếu quy trình chiết rót đang được tiến hành, nếu không thì

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1247. Hành vi này tương ứng với lệnh gọi

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4416 không có đối số trong Python 2. 6

Các thay đổi kể từ Python 3. 0¶

Các phương pháp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4417,

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4418 và

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4419 đã được thêm vào. Do đó, hiện có đầy đủ các phép biến đổi tuyến tính thông thường để biến đổi hình con rùa.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4420 đã được tăng cường chức năng. bây giờ nó có thể được sử dụng để lấy hoặc đặt góc nghiêng.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4421 không được dùng nữa

Phương thức

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4422 đã được thêm vào như một phần bổ sung cho

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4423, trên thực tế, phương thức này liên kết các hành động với sự kiện phát hành khóa. Theo đó, cái sau có bí danh.

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4424

Phương pháp

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4425 đã được thêm vào. Vì vậy, khi chỉ làm việc với các đối tượng Màn hình và Rùa, người ta không được nhập thêm

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

1205 nữa

Hai phương thức nhập liệu đã được thêm vào

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4427 và

>>> turtle.heading[]
90.0
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,-10.00]
>>> turtle.home[]
>>> turtle.position[]
[0.00,0.00]
>>> turtle.heading[]
0.0

4428. Các hộp thoại đầu vào bật lên này và trả về các chuỗi và số tương ứng

Here You Can Watch The Video Two Ways To Change Background Colors – Python Kivy GUI

Similarly, Change Background Color And Text Color of Labels – Python

Frequently Asked Questions[FAQ]

How can I change my background color?

How do I change colors in Python?

How do you define a color in Python?

What we use to change the background color any widget in Python?

How do I change the color of a Button in Python?

What is Tkinter default color?

How do you highlight text in Python?

How do you change the font style in Python?

How do you change the font in Python?

How do I change the font color in Pycharm?

Tổng quan về các phương pháp Con rùa và Màn hình có sẵn¶

Phương pháp rùa¶

Các phương thức của TurtleScreen/Screen¶

Các phương thức của RawTurtle/Turtle và các hàm tương ứng¶

Chuyển động của rùa¶

Tell Turtle’s state¶

Settings for measurement¶

Pen control¶

Drawing state¶

Color control¶

Filling¶

More drawing control¶

Turtle state¶

Visibility¶

Appearance¶

Using events¶

Special Turtle methods¶

Compound shapes¶

Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen and corresponding functions¶

Window control¶

Animation control¶

Using screen events¶

Input methods¶

Cài đặt và phương pháp đặc biệt¶

Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen¶

Public classes¶

Trợ giúp và cấu hình¶

Cách sử dụng trợ giúp¶

Dịch tài liệu sang các ngôn ngữ khác nhau¶

Cách định cấu hình Màn hình và Rùa¶

>>> turtle.heading[] 90.0 >>> turtle.position[] [0.00,-10.00] >>> turtle.home[] >>> turtle.position[] [0.00,0.00] >>> turtle.heading[] 0.0 4087 — Tập lệnh demo¶

Những thay đổi kể từ Python 2. 6¶

Các thay đổi kể từ Python 3. 0¶

Bài Viết Liên Quan

Toplist mới

Bài mới nhất

Chủ Đề

>>> turtle.heading[] 90.0 >>> turtle.position[] [0.00,-10.00] >>> turtle.home[] >>> turtle.position[] [0.00,0.00] >>> turtle.heading[] 0.0
4087 — Tập lệnh demo¶