Your problem seems to reach any of the datastructure needed for
Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
68. The easier seems to be the one where Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
69 defines a list of column headers and the data is a 2D list of valuesUsing a
Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
70 and flattening the values of each inner dict, that's quite simple:from tabulate import tabulate
headers = ["Name", "School", "Class", "Teacher"]
values = {"Tom": {"SchoolName1": "school_name_1", "Classname1": "class_name_1", "teacher1": "teachers_name1"},
"Jerry": {"SchoolName2": "school_name_2", "Classname2": "class_name_2", "teacher2": "teachers_name2"}}
values = [[name, *inner.values[]] for name, inner in values.items[]]
print[tabulate[values, headers=headers]]
Giving the expected
Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
Đây là phiên bản cập nhật của câu trả lời của tôi trong đó các cấu trúc dữ liệu của cây hiện khác với các phiên bản còn lại của nó. Thay vì cây hoàn toàn là một ____ 7 lồng-lồng -____ 7, "lá" trên mỗi nhánh hiện là trường hợp của một lớp con khác nhau của
Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
71 có tên abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
0 rất hữu ích cho việc đếm số lần mỗi khóa của chúng xảy ra. Tôi đã làm điều này vì câu trả lời của bạn cho câu hỏi của tôi về điều gì sẽ xảy ra nếu phần cuối cùng của mỗi dòng là một thứ khác ngoài abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
1 [đó là "chúng ta phải đặt số lượng mới cho khóa đó"].Nội dung chính ShowShow
- Làm thế nào để bạn tạo ra một từ điển động trong Python?
- Làm thế nào để bạn tạo ra một từ điển lồng nhau trong Python?
- Một từ điển có thể được lồng trong Python?
- Làm thế nào để bạn thêm nhiều từ điển trong Python?
Từ điển lồng nhau thường được gọi là cấu trúc dữ liệu
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
2 và có thể được xác định đệ quy-gốc là một từ điển như các nhánh. Sau đây sử dụng lớp con Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
71 thay vì đơn giản Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
71 vì nó giúp việc xây dựng chúng trở nên dễ dàng hơn vì bạn không cần phải tạo ra một trường hợp tạo ra nhánh đầu tiên của cấp độ tiếp theo [ngoại trừ tôi vẫn làm khi thêm "lá" vì chúng là một lớp con khác, abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
0].abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
2 data-structures and can be defined recursively — the root is a dictionary as are the branches. The following uses a Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
71 subclass instead of a plain Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
71 because it makes constructing them easier since you don't need to special case the creation of the first branch of next level down [except I still do when adding the "leaves" because they are a different subclass, abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
0].from collections import Counter
from functools import reduce
import re
# [Optional] trick to make Counter subclass print like a regular dict.
class Counter[Counter]:
def __repr__[self]:
return dict[self].__repr__[]
# Borrowed from answer @ //stackoverflow.com/a/19829714/355230
class Tree[dict]:
def __missing__[self, key]:
value = self[key] = type[self][]
return value
# Utility functions based on answer @ //stackoverflow.com/a/14692747/355230
def nested_dict_get[nested_dict, keys]:
return reduce[lambda d, k: d[k], keys, nested_dict]
def nested_dict_set[nested_dict, keys, value]:
nested_dict_get[nested_dict, keys[:-1]][keys[-1]] = value
def nested_dict_update_count[nested_dict, keys]:
counter = nested_dict_get[nested_dict, keys[:-1]]
if counter: # Update existing Counter.
counter.update[[keys[-1]]]
else: # Create a new Counter.
nested_dict_set[nested_dict, keys[:-1], Counter[[keys[-1]]]]
d = Tree[]
pat = re.compile[r'[a-zA-z]+']
with open['abc.txt'] as file:
for line in file:
nested_dict_update_count[d, [w for w in pat.findall[line.rstrip[]]]]
print[d] # Prints like a regular dict.
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
2 data-structures and can be defined recursively — the root is a dictionary as are the branches. The following uses a Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
71 subclass instead of a plain Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
71 because it makes constructing them easier since you
don't need to special case the creation of the first branch of next level down [except I still do when adding the "leaves" because they are a different subclass, abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
0].from collections import Counter
from functools import reduce
import re
# [Optional] trick to make Counter subclass print like a regular dict.
class Counter[Counter]:
def __repr__[self]:
return dict[self].__repr__[]
# Borrowed from answer @ //stackoverflow.com/a/19829714/355230
class Tree[dict]:
def __missing__[self, key]:
value = self[key] = type[self][]
return value
# Utility functions based on answer @ //stackoverflow.com/a/14692747/355230
def nested_dict_get[nested_dict, keys]:
return reduce[lambda d, k: d[k], keys, nested_dict]
def nested_dict_set[nested_dict, keys, value]:
nested_dict_get[nested_dict, keys[:-1]][keys[-1]] = value
def nested_dict_update_count[nested_dict, keys]:
counter = nested_dict_get[nested_dict, keys[:-1]]
if counter: # Update existing Counter.
counter.update[[keys[-1]]]
else: # Create a new Counter.
nested_dict_set[nested_dict, keys[:-1], Counter[[keys[-1]]]]
d = Tree[]
pat = re.compile[r'[a-zA-z]+']
with open['abc.txt'] as file:
for line in file:
nested_dict_update_count[d, [w for w in pat.findall[line.rstrip[]]]]
print[d] # Prints like a regular dict.
Để kiểm tra các khả năng đếm lá của mã sửa đổi, tôi đã sử dụng tệp thử nghiệm sau bao gồm cùng một dòng hai lần, một lần kết thúc lại với
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
6 và một kết thúc khác trong abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
7.Mở rộng tệp kiểm tra
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
8:abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
Output:
Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
3Điều kiện tiên quyết - Từ điển Python trong Python hoạt động tương tự như từ điển trong thế giới thực. Các khóa của từ điển phải là duy nhất và loại dữ liệu bất biến như chuỗi, số nguyên và bộ dữ liệu, nhưng các giá trị khóa có thể được lặp lại và thuộc bất kỳ loại nào. Từ điển: Từ điển làm tổ có nghĩa là đặt một từ điển vào từ điển khác. Nesting được sử dụng rất nhiều vì loại thông tin chúng ta có thể mô hình hóa trong các chương trình được mở rộng rất nhiều. & NBSP; & NBSP;Python dictionaryA Dictionary in Python works similar to the Dictionary in the real world. Keys of a Dictionary must be unique and of immutable data type such as Strings, Integers and tuples, but the key-values can be repeated and be of any type.Nested Dictionary: Nesting Dictionary means putting a dictionary inside another dictionary. Nesting is of great use as the kind of information we can model in programs is expanded greatly. Python dictionary
A Dictionary in Python works similar
to the Dictionary in the real world. Keys of a Dictionary must be unique and of immutable data type such as Strings, Integers and tuples, but the key-values can be repeated and be of any type.
Nested Dictionary: Nesting Dictionary means putting a dictionary inside another dictionary. Nesting is of great use as the kind of information we can model in programs is expanded greatly.
Python3
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
9Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
30 Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
31Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
32223Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
34Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
35Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
36Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
3 7Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
38Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
39Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
33abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
51Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
35abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
53abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
54Python3
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55 Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
30 abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
57abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
58Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
35abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
40__Tạo một từ điển lồng nhau
Trong Python, một từ điển lồng nhau có thể được tạo bằng cách đặt các từ điển được phân tách bằng dấu phẩy được đặt trong niềng răng. & Nbsp; & nbsp;
Python3
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55 Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
30 Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
31abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
84abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
85abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
86abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
87abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
89abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
58Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
711Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
712abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
714abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716Is
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
85abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
86Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
33Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
712Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
35Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
715abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
41Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
35Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
719abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
54abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
02abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
42Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
711Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
712abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
714abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716Is
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
85abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
86Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
33abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
30Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
35abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
40abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
61abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
58abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
35abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
58abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
41abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
42abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
39abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
02abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
46Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
711Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
712abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
714abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716Output:
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
5Thêm các yếu tố vào một từ điển lồng nhau
Việc bổ sung các yếu tố vào một từ điển lồng nhau có thể được thực hiện theo nhiều cách. Một cách để thêm một từ điển trong từ điển lồng nhau là thêm các giá trị là một, lồng nhau_dict [dict] [key] = ‘giá trị. Một cách khác là thêm toàn bộ từ điển trong một lần, nested_dict [dict] = {‘key,’ giá trị}. & Nbsp; & nbsp;
Python3
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55 Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
30 abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
51abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
53Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
711Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
712abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
714abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
61abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
63Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
30 abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
65abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
61abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
69Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
7122abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
61abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
69Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
63______abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
714abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716Các
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
714abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716Output:
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
4Các yếu tố truy cập của một từ điển lồng nhau
Để truy cập giá trị của bất kỳ khóa nào trong từ điển lồng nhau, hãy sử dụng lập chỉ mục [] Cú pháp. & NBSP; & NBSP;
Python3
Is
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
85abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
86Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
33Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
712Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
35Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
715abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
41Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
35Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
719abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
54abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
714abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
61abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
69Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
712Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
339abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
714abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
61abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
86abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
69Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
339Is
Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
29Thêm các yếu tố vào một từ điển lồng nhau
Việc bổ sung các yếu tố vào một từ điển lồng nhau có thể được thực hiện theo nhiều cách. Một cách để thêm một từ điển trong từ điển lồng nhau là thêm các giá trị là một, lồng nhau_dict [dict] [key] = ‘giá trị. Một cách khác là thêm toàn bộ từ điển trong một lần, nested_dict [dict] = {‘key,’ giá trị}. & Nbsp; & nbsp;
Python3
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55 Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
30 abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
51Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
361abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
86Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
33Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
712Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
35Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
715abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
4 1Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
35abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
81abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
54abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
61abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
63Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
30 abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
65abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
714abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
381Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
711Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
712abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
61abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
69Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
7122abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
714abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
88Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
394Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
711Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
712abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
398abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
55abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
61abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
83abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
69Name School Class Teacher
------ ------------- ------------ --------------
Tom school_name_1 class_name_1 teachers_name1
Jerry school_name_2 class_name_2 teachers_name2
716abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
63______Output:
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/bcd:pass
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:fail
abc/pqr/lmn/xyz:pass
8Làm thế nào để bạn tạo ra một từ điển động trong Python?Làm thế nào để bạn tạo ra một từ điển động trong Python?
Làm thế nào để bạn tạo một từ điển và thêm các cặp giá trị khóa một cách linh hoạt ?...
Tạo từ điển trống var dict = {} ;.
Thêm các cặp giá trị khóa trong Dictionary Dict [new_key] = new_value; hoặc..
Truy cập các cặp khóa-giá trị var var giá trị = dict [key]; hoặc..
Lặp lại toàn bộ từ điển cho [khóa var trong dict] {console.log [khóa + ":" + dict [key]]; }.
Làm thế nào để bạn tạo ra một từ điển lồng nhau trong Python?
Trong Python, một từ điển lồng nhau có thể được tạo ra bằng cách đặt các từ điển được phân tách bằng dấu phẩy được đặt trong niềng răng.placing the comma-separated dictionaries enclosed within braces.placing the comma-separated dictionaries enclosed within braces.
Một từ điển có thể được lồng trong Python?
Trong Python, một từ điển lồng nhau là một từ điển trong một từ điển.Đó là một tập hợp các từ điển thành một từ điển duy nhất.Ở đây, Nested_dict là một từ điển lồng nhau với Dicta dicta và dictb.Chúng là hai từ điển mỗi người có khóa và giá trị riêng.a nested dictionary is a dictionary inside a dictionary. It's a collection of dictionaries into one single dictionary. Here, the nested_dict is a nested dictionary with the dictionary dictA and dictB . They are two dictionary each having own key and value.a nested dictionary is a dictionary inside a dictionary. It's a collection of dictionaries into one single dictionary. Here, the nested_dict is a nested dictionary with the dictionary dictA and dictB . They are two dictionary each having own key and value.
Làm thế nào để bạn thêm nhiều từ điển trong Python?
Làm thế nào để hợp nhất từ điển trong Python ?...
1] Sử dụng phương thức Update [] ..
2] Sử dụng toán tử hợp nhất [|] ..
3] Sử dụng toán tử ** ..
4] Giải nén từ điển thứ hai ..
5] Sử dụng Phương thức Collection.ChainMap [] ..
6] Sử dụng itertools.chuỗi[].
7] Sử dụng khả năng hiểu từ điển ..
8] Thêm giá trị của các khóa chung ..