It is a technique of gathering data whereby you personally watch, interact

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by AlyssaAasca, Nov. 2018

Subjects: RESEARCH 1

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Is a technique of gathering data whereby you personally watch, interact, or communicate with the subject in your research. It lets you record what people exactly do and say in their everyday life on earth

OBSERVATION

Types of Obsevation

• PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

• NON-PARTICIPANT OR STRUCTURED OBSERVATION

The observer, who is the researcher, takes part in the activities of the individual or group being observed.

PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

This initial part of the record describe the people, places, events, conversation, and the other things involved in the activities or object focus on by the research

DESCRIPTIVE OBSERVATION

It gives you interpretation or reflection about everything you observed, it is the second part of the diary

NARRATIVE ACCOUNT

This type of observation completely detaches you from the target of your observation. You just watch and listen to them do their own things, without you participating in any of their activities.

NON-PARTICIPATION OR STRUCTURED OBSERVATION

Recording of non participant observation happens through the use of ______

CHECKLIST

Methods of Observation

• DIRECT OBSERVATION

• INDIRECT OBSERVATION

a] Continuous monitoring or CM

b] Spot sampling

Two types of Spot sampling

• TIME ALLOCATION [TA]

• EXPERIENCE SAMPLING

This observation method make you see or listen to everything that happens in the area of observation

DIRECT OBSERVATION

This observation is also called behavior archeology because, here you observed traces of past events to get information or a measure of behavior, trait, or quality of your subject

INDIRECT OBSERVATION

Central to this method of observation or things you listen through tape recording and those you see in pictures, letters, notices, minutes of meetings, business correspondence, garbage cans, and so on

INDIRECT OBSERVATION

Here you observed to evaluate the people deal with one another as such, this is the main gathering data technique used in behavioral psychology serve as a focus of studies in this field of discipline

CONTINUOUS MONITORING

Name also as scan sampling or time sampling

SPOT SAMPLING

It is what goes in to the record or the best activities of people you observed in undetermined places and time

TIME ALLOCATION

It lets you record peoples responses anytime of the day or week to question their present activities, companions, feelings and so on

EXPERIENCE SAMPLING

Is a data gathering technique that makes you verbally ask the subjects or respondents questions to give answers to what your research is trying to look for.

INTERVIEW

It is done mostly in qualitative research studies, aims at knowing what the respondents think and feel about the topic of your research

INTERVIEW

This data gathering technique occurs between you, the researcher and your respondents in a face to face situation. In this case you speak directly with your respondent, individualy, or collectively

INTERVIEW

Using electronic and technological communication devices like the internet, mobile phones, email, tec., interview can be considered as ______________

MODERN TOOL FOR RESEARCH

Types of Interviews

STRUCTURED INTERVIEW

UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW

SEMI-STRUCTUREDINTERVIEW

This is an interview that requires the use of an interview schedule or a list of questions answerable with one and only item from a set of alternative responses.

STRUCTURED INTERVIEW

The respondents answer the questions based on what they personally think and feel about it.

UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW

There are no suggested answers. They purely depend on the respondents decision making skills, giving them opportunity to think critically about the question

UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW

The characteristics of the first two types are found in the third of interview called ______________

SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW

You prepare a schedule or a list of questions that is accompanied by a list expressions from where the respondents can pick out the correct answer

SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW

After choosing one from the suggested answers, the respondents answer another set of questions to make them explain the reasons behind their choices

SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW

Approaches to Interview

1. INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEW

2. GROUP INTERVIEW

3. MEDIATED INTERVIEW

a] SYNCHRONOUS

b] ASYNCHRONOUS

Only one respondent is interviewed. The reason behind is the lack of trust the interviewees have among themselves

INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEW

This is a time consuming type of interview because you have to interview a group of interviewees one by one

INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEW

In this interview approach, you ask the question not to one person, but to a group of people at the same time.

GROUP INTERVIEW

The group members take turns in answering the question.

GROUP INTERVIEW

This approach is often used in the fields of business, specifically in marketing research.

GROUP INTERVIEW

Group interview is also called as

FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEW

Researchers in this field, whose primary aim adhering to this interview approach are to know peoples food preferences and consumer opinions

GROUP INTERVIEW

No face to face interview is true for this interview approach because this takes place through electronic communication devices such as telephones, mobile phones, email, among others

MEDIATED INTERVIEW

This disregards non verbal communication, many nonetheless, consider this better because of the big number of responsdents it is capable of reaching despite cost, distance, and human disabilities affecting the interview

MEDIATED INTERVIEW

Two Types of Mediated Interview

SYNCHRONOUS

ASYNCHRONOUS

Steps in Conducting an Interview

1. Getting to know Each Other

2. Having an idea of the research

3. Starting the Interview

4. Conducting the interview proper

5. Putting an end to the interview

6. Pondering Over Interview Afterthoughts

Is a paper containing a list of questions including the specific place and space in the paper where you write the answers from the questions.

QUESTIONNAIRE

This prepared set of questions elicit factual or opinionated answers from the respondents through his or her acts of checking one chosen answer from several options or of writing on a line provided for any opinionated answer

QUESTIONNAIRE

Types of Questionnaires

POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE

As the names connotes, this type of questionnaire goes to the respondent through postal service or electronic mail.

POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRE

It is though the mail or postal system that the accomplished questionnaires will be sent back to the researchers.

POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRES

In some cases the researcher can personally collect finished questionnaires

POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRES

This kind of questionaires makes you act as the interviewer and the interviewee at the same time.

SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE

A questionnaire like this fits a structured kind of interview

SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRES

First you ask the questions either in person or through phone: then, you will be writing the interviewees answer on a piece of paper

SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE

Is a process of understanding or known facts or assumptions serving a the basis of any claims or conclusions you have about something.

DATA ANALYSIS

Is a process of understanding or known facts or assumptions serving aa the basis of any claims or conclusions ypu have about something.

DATA ANALYSIS

You collect these data in many ways: observation, interview, documentary, analysis, and research instruments like questionnaires tests, etc.

DATA ANALYSIS

In analysing data, you go through __________ and _________

CODING COLLATING

Is your act of using symbols like letters or words to represent arbitrary or subjective data [emotions, opinions, attitudes] to ensure secrecy or privacy of the datat

CODING

Is your way of bringing together the coded data. Giving the data an orderly appearance and putting them in a graph, specifically a table of responses

COLLATING

Is also used to name this table of responses that consists of table of cases and their associated variables

DATA MATRIX

2 Types of Data Matrix

1. PROFILE MATRIX

2. PROXIMITY MATRIX

Shows measurements of variable or factors fore set of cases or respondents

PROFILE MATRIX

Indicates measurements of similarities and differences between items.

PROXIMITY MATRIX

Two types of Proximity Matrix

SIMILARITY MATRIX

DISSIMILARITY MATRIX

If the measurements show how alike things are

SIMILARITY MATRIX

If the measurements show how different they are

DISSIMILARITY MATRIX

You analyze or study data that reflect the respondents thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or views about something

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

These are subjective data that are expressed in words, and these words serve as the unit of analysis in a qualitative type of research

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

You examine these subjective data to understand how related or relevant they are to your research problem or specific research questions

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

Is a time consuming process. It makes you deal with data coming from wide sources of information

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

Is a rigorous act of a thematic or theoretical organization of ideas or information into a certain format that is capable of presenting group responses

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

Is a type of inferential or interpretative thinking that derives its validity, truthfulness, or reasonableness from your sensory experience

What technique is used for gathering data whereby you personally watch interact?

Which of the following is a technique of gathering data whereby you personally watch interact or communicate with the subjects of your research?

What type of data gathering technique that makes you verbally ask the subjects or respondents questions to give answer to what your research study is looking for?

What involves an intensive interaction between the researcher and the subject or participants?