Logical topology cisco

4. Tree Topology : It is also known as the hierarchical topology. It can be considered as the combination of linear bus and star topologies as it contains systems with star topology connected to a linear bus main cable. There is dependency on the main linear bus line, and therefore any fault in this line can bring the entire segment down. However, this type of arrangement is supported by many hardware and software tenders. This topology is also known as expanded star topology. The configuration and wiring is difficult in comparison to other topologies. However, its point to point wiring for individual sections is a desirable feature of this topology.

5. Mesh Topology : In this type of arrangement every node participating in the network is connected to every other node. However, this tends to be very expensive and difficult to implement. Multiple paths are can be used for transmitting a message. Due to the presence of dedicated links, it does not provide any traffic problem.

6. Hybrid Topology : It refers to the arrangement which is basically a combination of any two or more different types of network topologies. This arrangement is known for its flexibility and reliability.

2.2. CSMA/CD

In Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), a node transmits only after listening to the media, and ensuring that no transmission is taking place. Further, sending nodes detect when a collision occurs and stop transmitting immediately, backing off for a random amount of time before trying again. This results in efficient use of the media since the bandwidth of transmitting the entire frame is not wasted.

Ethernet frame sizes:

Standard Ethernet Frame: Standard Ethernet frame MTU is 1500 bytes. This does not include the Ethernet header and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) trailer, which is 18 bytes in length, to make the total Ethernet frame size of 1518. Usually, MTU size or packet size refers only to Ethernet payload.

Ethernet frame size refers to the whole Ethernet frame, including the header and the trailer.

Baby giant frames refer to Ethernet frame size up to 1600 bytes, and jumbo frame refers to Ethernet frame size up to 9216 bytes.

Jumbo Frames or Super jumbo frames (SJFs) are generally considered to be frames that have a payload size of over 9000 bytes. Cisco Supervisor III and IV can handle packets up to a maximum size of 9198 bytes. This value includes the 802.1q tag or ISL VLAN tag, but does not include the Ethernet header and CRC trailer. Thus, the maximum Ethernet frame size, including the Ethernet header/trailer, is 9198 + 18 = 9216 bytes.

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