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While building your web application, you may have some tasks, such as parsing and storing an uploaded CSV file, that take too long to perform during a typical web request. Thankfully, Laravel allows you to easily create queued jobs that may be processed in the background. By moving time intensive tasks to a queue, your application can respond to web requests with blazing speed and provide a better user experience to your customers.

Laravel queues provide a unified queueing API across a variety of different queue backends, such as Amazon SQS, Redis, or even a relational database.

Laravel's queue configuration options are stored in your application's

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

38 configuration file. In this file, you will find connection configurations for each of the queue drivers that are included with the framework, including the database, Amazon SQS, Redis, and Beanstalkd drivers, as well as a synchronous driver that will execute jobs immediately [for use during local development]. A

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

39 queue driver is also included which discards queued jobs.

Note Laravel now offers Horizon, a beautiful dashboard and configuration system for your Redis powered queues. Check out the full Horizon documentation for more information.

Connections Vs. Queues

Before getting started with Laravel queues, it is important to understand the distinction between "connections" and "queues". In your

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

38 configuration file, there is a

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

41 configuration array. This option defines the connections to backend queue services such as Amazon SQS, Beanstalk, or Redis. However, any given queue connection may have multiple "queues" which may be thought of as different stacks or piles of queued jobs.

Note that each connection configuration example in the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

42 configuration file contains a

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

42 attribute. This is the default queue that jobs will be dispatched to when they are sent to a given connection. In other words, if you dispatch a job without explicitly defining which queue it should be dispatched to, the job will be placed on the queue that is defined in the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

42 attribute of the connection configuration:

use App\Jobs\ProcessPodcast;

// This job is sent to the default connection's default queue...

ProcessPodcast::dispatch[];

// This job is sent to the default connection's "emails" queue...

ProcessPodcast::dispatch[]->onQueue['emails'];

Some applications may not need to ever push jobs onto multiple queues, instead preferring to have one simple queue. However, pushing jobs to multiple queues can be especially useful for applications that wish to prioritize or segment how jobs are processed, since the Laravel queue worker allows you to specify which queues it should process by priority. For example, if you push jobs to a

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

45 queue, you may run a worker that gives them higher processing priority:

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

Driver Notes & Prerequisites

Database

In order to use the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

46 queue driver, you will need a database table to hold the jobs. To generate a migration that creates this table, run the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

47 Artisan command. Once the migration has been created, you may migrate your database using the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

48 command:

php artisan queue:table

php artisan migrate

Finally, don't forget to instruct your application to use the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

46 driver by updating the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

50 variable in your application's

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

51 file:

QUEUE_CONNECTION=database

Redis

In order to use the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

52 queue driver, you should configure a Redis database connection in your

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

53 configuration file.

Warning

The

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

54 and

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

55 Redis options are not supported by the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

52 queue driver.

Redis Cluster

If your Redis queue connection uses a Redis Cluster, your queue names must contain a . This is required in order to ensure all of the Redis keys for a given queue are placed into the same hash slot:

'redis' => [

    'driver' => 'redis',

    'connection' => 'default',

    'queue' => '{default}',

    'retry_after' => 90,

],

Blocking

When using the Redis queue, you may use the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

57 configuration option to specify how long the driver should wait for a job to become available before iterating through the worker loop and re-polling the Redis database.

Adjusting this value based on your queue load can be more efficient than continually polling the Redis database for new jobs. For instance, you may set the value to

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

58 to indicate that the driver should block for five seconds while waiting for a job to become available:

'redis' => [

    'driver' => 'redis',

    'connection' => 'default',

    'queue' => 'default',

    'retry_after' => 90,

    'block_for' => 5,

],

Warning

Setting

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

57 to

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

60 will cause queue workers to block indefinitely until a job is available. This will also prevent signals such as

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

61 from being handled until the next job has been processed.

Other Driver Prerequisites

The following dependencies are needed for the listed queue drivers. These dependencies may be installed via the Composer package manager:

• Amazon SQS:

  php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

  62
• Beanstalkd:

  php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

  63
• Redis:

  php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

  64 or phpredis PHP extension

Creating Jobs

Generating Job Classes

By default, all of the queueable jobs for your application are stored in the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

65 directory. If the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

65 directory doesn't exist, it will be created when you run the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

67 Artisan command:

php artisan make:job ProcessPodcast

The generated class will implement the

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

68 interface, indicating to Laravel that the job should be pushed onto the queue to run asynchronously.

Note Job stubs may be customized using .

Class Structure

Job classes are very simple, normally containing only a

php artisan queue:work --queue=high,default

69 method that is invoked when the job is processed by the queue. To get started, let's take a look at an example job class. In this example, we'll pretend we manage a podcast publishing service and need to process the uploaded podcast files before they are published: