In Python 3 you can use:
>>> from functools import reduce
>>> from operator import xor
>>> bits = ['0', '1', '0', '1', '0', '1', '0']
>>> reduce[xor, map[int, bits]]
1
Or if you want a running XOR:
>>> from itertools import accumulate
>>> from operator import xor
>>> bits = ['0', '1', '0', '1', '0', '1', '0']
>>> list[accumulate[map[int, bits], xor]]
[0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1]
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Sometimes, while programming, we have a problem in which we might need to perform certain bitwise operations among list elements. This is an essential utility as we come across bitwise operations many times. Let’s discuss certain ways in which XOR can be performed.
Method #1 : Using reduce[] + lambda + “^” operator
The above functions can be combined to perform this task. We can employ reduce[] to accumulate the result of XOR logic specified by the lambda function. Works only with Python2.
test_list =
[4, 6, 2, 3, 8, 9]
print["The original list is : " + str[test_list]]
res = reduce[lambda x, y: x ^ y, test_list]
print["The Bitwise XOR of list elements are : " + str[res]]
Output :
The original list is : [4, 6, 2, 3, 8, 9] The Bitwise XOR of list elements are : 2
Method #2 : Using reduce[] + operator.ixor
This task can also be performed using this
method. In this the task performed by lambda function in above method is performed using ior function for cumulative XOR operation. Works with Python2 only.
from operator import ixor
test_list = [4, 6, 2, 3, 8, 9]
print["The original list is : " + str[test_list]]
res = reduce[ixor, test_list]
print["The Bitwise XOR of list elements are : " +
str[res]]
Output :
The original list is : [4, 6, 2, 3, 8, 9] The Bitwise XOR of list elements are : 2
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Given an array arr[] containing integers of size N, the task is to find the
XOR of this array.
Examples:
Input: arr[] = {2, 4, 7}
Output: 1
Explanation:
XOR of the array = 2 ^ 4 ^ 7 = 1
Input: arr[] = { 3, 9, 12, 13, 15 }
Output: 4
Approach: In order to find the XOR of all
elements in the array, we simply iterate through the array and find the XOR using ‘^’ operator. Therefore, the following steps are followed to compute the answer:
- Create a variable to store the XOR of the array as a result.
- For each element in the array, find the XOR of the element and the result variable using ‘^’ operator.
- Finally, the result variable stores the XOR of all elements in the array.
Below is the implementation
of the above approach:
CPP
#include
using namespace std;
int xorOfArray[int arr[], int n]
{
int xor_arr = 0;
for [int i = 0; i < n; i++] {
xor_arr = xor_arr ^ arr[i];
}
return xor_arr;
}
int main[]
{
int arr[] = { 3, 9, 12, 13, 15 };
int
n = sizeof[arr] / sizeof[arr[0]];
cout