You are going to listen to a woman Irina talking to a man at the ticket desk at an exhibition

K^t North African plants begin operating, by linking a few cable
lines under the Med. 'I call it the Lego method,' he says.
'Build it piece by piece.' Ifit can be shown that power from
the Sahara can be produced profitably, he says, companies
and governments will soon jump in. Ifthey do, perhaps
airplane passengers flying across the Sahara will one day
count the mirrors and patches of green instead of staring

at sand.

adapted from Time Magazine
"terra incognita - Latin,meaning 'an unknown land'

D But producing significant quantities of electricity © Read the instructions for Questions 1-5 below and
means building huge arrays of mirrors and pipes across answer these questions. Then underline the key
hundreds of miles of remote desert, which is expensive.
Gerry Wolff, an engineer who heads DESERTEC, an ideas in Questions 1-5.
international consortium of solar-power scientists, says
they have estimated it will cost about $59 billion to begin 1 Will you need to use all the letters, A-G, in your
transmitting power from the Sahara by 2020.
answers?
E Building plants is just part of the challenge. One of the
drawbacks to CSP technology is that it works at maximum 2 Can you use the same letter for more than one
efficiency only in sunny, hot climates - and deserts tend to
be distant from population centres. To supply Europe with answer?
20% of its electricity needs, more than 19,300 kilometres
Questions 1-5
of cables would need to be laid under the Mediterranean,
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.
says GunnarAsplund, head of HVDC research at ABB Power Which paragraph contains the following
Technologies in Ludvika,Sweden. Indeed, to use renewable
sources of power, including solar, wind and tidal, Europe information?
will need to build completely new electrical grids. That's
because existing infrastructures, built largely for the coal- Write the correct letter, A-G.
fired plants that supply 80%of Europe's power, would not
be suitable for carrying the amount of electricity generated NB You may use any letter more than once.
by the Sahara. Germany's government-run Aerospace 1 a mention of systems which could not be used
Centre, which researches energy, estimates that replacing 2 estimates of the quantity of power the
those lines could raise the cost of building solar plants
in the Sahara and sending significant amounts of power Sahara could produce
to Europe to about $465 billion over the next 40 years. 3 a suggestion for how to convince
Generous government subsidies will be needed. 'Of course
it costs a lot of money,' says Asplund. 'It's a lot cheaper to organisations about the Sahara's potential
burn coal than to make solar power in the Sahara.' 4 a short description of the Sahara at present
5 a comparison of the costs of two different
F Meanwhile, some companies are getting started. Seville
engineering company Abengoa is building one solar- energy sources
thermal plant in Algeria and another in Morocco, while
a third is being built in Egypt by a Spanish-Japanese © Now read the article and answer Questions 1-5.
joint venture. The next step will be to get cables in place.
Although the European Parliament has passed a law that Exam advice Matching information
aids investors who help the continent reach its goal of
getting 20% of its power from renewable energy by 2020, it Read the instructions carefully.
could take years to create the necessary infrastructure. - You will not need all the paragraphs for your

G Nicholas Dunlop, secretary-general of the London-based answers.
NG0 e-Parliament, thinks companies should begin
transmitting small amounts of solar power as soon as the - You may be able to find two of the answers
in the same paragraph.

Read the questions carefully.
- Underline the key ideas in each of them.
- Quickly find the right part of the passage
and read carefully to make sure it covers the

information.

The world in our hands [51

© Look at Questions 6-9 and the list © Look at Questions 10-13 below.

of organisations below. 1 What type of information do you need to
complete each gap?
1 Read the passage very quickly and underline
where each organisation on the list is 2 Which paragraph in the article deals with
Concentrating Solar Power? Read it and
mentioned. complete the gaps.

2 Read the statements and underline the key Questions 10-13
Complete the summary below.
ideas. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the
passage for each answer.
3 Carefully read the parts of the article where
each organisation is mentioned and decide Concentrating Solar Power [CSP]

whether a statement matches this. Unlike solar panels, CSP concentrates the sun's rays

Questions 6-9 on boilers by using 10 The resulting heat

Look at the following statements [Questions 6-9] produces high-temperature 11 , which in
and the list of organisations below.
turn moves the turbines which generateelectricity.
Match each statement with the correct
CSP plants will be situated in 12 to allow
organisation, A-G.
sea water to run in. This, when purified, can be used
6 They have set a time for achieving an
objective. to wash the equipment. The resulting dirty water will

7 They believe that successful small-scale be used for 13 around the power plant,
projects will demonstrate that larger projects
are possible. and in this way oases will be formed.

8 They have a number of renewable energy
projects under construction.
They are already experimenting with solar-
energy installations in other parts of the

world.

List of Organisations
A Exploration Architecture

B DESERTEC

C ABB Power Technologies
D Aerospace Centre
E Abengoa
F The European Parliament

G e-Parliament

Exam advice Matching features Exam advice Summary completion

Sometimes there are more options than Read the summary carefully first.
questions; they are listed in the order they
appear in the passage. Quickly locate them and Use the title to find the correct section of the

underline them. passage, then read it carefully.
Check your summary when you have finished.
Underline the key ideas in each question.
Read carefully what the passage says about © Work in small groups.

each option and match each question to one What renewable energy is used in your country?
option. Why is renewable energy better than other

52] Unit 5 sources of energy?
What disadvantages does renewable energy

have?

Speaking Parts 2 and 3 © Work in pairs. Take turns to give your talk. You

© Look at this task for Speaking Part 2 and make should try to speak for two minutes.

notes about the place you would like to describe. © Work in pairs. Discuss how you could answer

Describe a beautiful place you have visited in this Speaking Part 3 question.

your country. What things attract tourists to a place?

You should say: © $2^ Read and listen to Jamila's response.
when you visited it
who you went with 1 How many ideas does she express in her
what you did there
answer?
and explain why you think the place is so
2 Which ideas do you agree with?
beautiful.

© [z\\ Listen to Jamila doing the task in Exercise 1. Well, I think in general people like to go to
places which are well-known tourist destinations
While you listen, complete the notes she made because you know, generally people like to feel
beforehand by writing one of the adjectives from safe when they're on holiday, especially when they
the box in each of the gaps. travel to a foreign country. I think usually people
choose places where there are plenty of hotels, so
fantastic fresh lovely spectacular steep they can get good accommodation and plenty of
unspoilt warm wonderful things to do, so they don't get bored. Also people
tend to choose places where they think the
\cvae, 1 Steffi.... U weather will be good, especially if they want to do
things outdoors.
2 views
© Jamila gives a general answer to the question.
3 Sfone
1 Which tense does she use?
column
2 Find four words or phrases in her answer
a few ryea^S ayqco which she uses to say that she is making a
generalisation.
Tamil
© Work in pairs. Look at the Part 3 questions below
* walked sunny day
and think of ideas you could use to give general
4 answers to each question.

5 wecvfUey Beautiful places

ale p\c¥\\C What things attract tourists to visit a place?
How do places change when too many
Exam advice Speaking Part 2
tourists visit them?
You may be asked to talk about something you
enjoy or like. Sound enthusiastic and think of What can individual people do to protect
positive adjectives to describe the topic. beautiful places?

Where possible, use your own words instead of The environment
the words given in the task, as this shows your
ability to create language. Apart from tourism, what other
environmental problems are common in the
Q page 54 Pronunciation: Sentence stress 2 world today?

Whose responsibility is it to deal with these
problems?

What can ordinary people do to protect the

environment?

The world in our hands [53]

© Change partners and take turns to ask and Writing Task 1

answer the questions in Exercise 7. © Work in pairs. Look at the diagrams in the

Exam advice Speaking Part 3 Writing task below.
Give general answers to Part 3 questions; don't
1 What is the machine used for?
talk about yourself. 2 How does it work?
Use words and phrases which show that you are
3 Where can it be placed?
making general points.
4 What comparisons can you make about the two

locations?

Pronunciation The diagrams below show the design for a wave-
energy machine and its location.
Sentence stress 2
Summarise the information by selecting and
You can stress words which express how you feel reporting the main features, making comparisons
about something, for example positive adjectives
to express enthusiasm or negative adjectives to where relevant.

express annoyance.

© ^ Work in pairs. Look at these extracts from Wave-energy machines: location options

Jamila's answer. Underline the words which you large waves - small waves
high output
think should be stressed. Then listen and check - lowoutput
which words Jamila stressed. wave-energy,
machines low installation
1 ... there are these fantastic views across the sea costs
in all directions ...

2 At the top of the hill, there's this wonderful

stone column ...

3 It was a lovely sunny day and there weren't too
many people around.

4 ... until you reach the Needles, which are some
spectacular rocks standing out in the sea, very
spectacular ...

5 Why is the place so beautiful? I think it's
particularly beautiful because it's such an
unspoilt area, it's protected.

6 ... it's a wonderful day out, good exercise, fresh
air, fantastic views and very, very relaxing.

© Work in pairs.

1 What types of word does Jamila tend to stress
[nouns, adjectives, etc.]?

2 Why does she stress words like fantastic,
spectacular and wonderful!

© Work in pairs. Take turns to read the sentences

in Exercise 1 aloud, trying to put the stress in
the same places.

high installation

costs

541 Unit 5

0 Complete this answer to the Writing task using We use the passive when:

verbs from the box. In some cases, more than a we don't know who or what does/did something.
one answer may be possible. b we don't need to say who or what does/did

connected eonsists sucked turns enters something.
c what happens/happened is more important than
generated installed passes produced rises
who or what does/did it.
The diagrams show a machine forgenerating
Q page 104 The passive
electricity from waves and where it can be placed.
The machine 1.6&msist&. of two chambers, one © Rewrite each of these sentences using a verb in

above the other. The process starts when a wave the passive and starting with the words given.

2 the lower chamber. As a result, the 1 They generate 20 percent of the nation's energy
using renewable energy sources.
water level inside the chamber 3 and Twenty percent of the nation's energy is

air is pushed up into the chamber above. As the air &e.-ne.r[\j'e.d iA£\-nft re.-ne-wfl.bie- t-^ero/^ sources.

4 through the upper chamber, it moves 2 They have closed down some nuclear power
plants.
a turbine which is 5 to a generator. Some nuclear power plants ...

When the wave goes down, air is 6 in 3 They can use the electricity for lighting homes.
The electricity ...
from outside and this also 7 the turbine.
4 The government will subsidise new wind-
The machine can be placed near the coast, and
turbine installations.
in this case it can be 8 at a lower cost.
New wind-turbine installations ...
However, waves near the coast tend to be smaller
5 In the first stage of the process, they heat the air
and so less electricity is 9 Alternatively,
which will inflate the balloon.
the machine can be placed in deeper water where
In the first stage of the process, the air which
the waves are larger and more electricity can be
will inflate the balloon ...
10 However, in this case, it will cost
6 In tropical countries, people tend to consume
more to install. In general, while the machine more electricity in summer months.
In tropical countries, more electricity tends ...
appears to be a simple way of harnessing renewable
© [] IELTS candidates often make mistakes when
energy, its installation may cause a number
they use the passive. Correct the mistake in each
of problems related to its cost and its location.
of these sentences.
© Work in pairs. Divide the answer in Exercise 2
1 Children are easily influence by others, by their
into paragraphs. Write // where you think there
should be a new paragraph. Then discuss the environment or by their parents. 'mpllAesnte.d
purpose of each paragraph.
2 I think some problems which exist in this world
Key grammar can solve by money.

The passive 3 In my country, few schools teach students by
computer but not all subjects teach by computer.
© The passive is formed with the verb to be + past
4 Moreover, unnecessary restrictions should
participle {opened, done, eaten, etc.]. Which verb reduce by the government.
in this sentence is passive?
5 The primary reason for their disapproval is the
As a result, the water level inside the chamber rises damage to the environment which caused by

and air is pushed up into the chamber above. mass tourism.

© Underline other examples of the passive in the 6 The result of this research shows that in the UK

sample answer in Writing Exercise 2. a great proportion of household tasks are doing
by women.
© Which reasons [a-c] apply to the example 7 This diagram presents the process of brick
manufacturing which is used for the building
sentence in Exercise 1? You can choose more industry.
than one.

The world in our hands [55]

© When describing a process, it is a good idea to Exam advice Diagram summary

use words and phrases which explain the order When you have to describe a diagram or diagrams:
in which things happen. Find these phrases describe the key stages in a logical order.
in the sample answer, then write them in the compare information and include a short,

correct column of the table below. general overview.

as the process starts when © Work in pairs. Look at the Writing task below.
when the wave goes down
1 Decide what the main features of the machines
introduces the explains that one explains that two
thing happens things happen are and how they work.
first part of the simultaneously 2 Decide what comparisons you can make.
after another
process 3 Write a plan: decide how many paragraphs you
happiest- They c\ear\y show group worry about 4 health, but if becomes a

that r^ein and worsen ere the 33r^&. key concern as 5 get older. G>o the trends for

However, di-P-Perent things rwake ther^ 6 two features cross in middle age and

happy. 7 is the opposite of the other.

c The graph is about satisfaction with life. It shows Overall, it seems that people are most satisfied at the start
the data across different age groups. The chart
is about people and happiness. It shows the data and end ofd lives. For young people, happiness
in percentages.
comes from money, while for older people 9 is
Which introduction[s]:
linked to health.
1 begin with a general introductory statement?
2 provide a brief description of the content of each Exam advice Chart/graph summary

chart/graph? If you have more than one chart or graph, look
3 are written as far as possible in the student's
at the similarities and differences between them
own words?
and pick out the key features.
© Work in pairs. Read the second paragraph of a Introduce both charts/graphs, then compare the

student's answer to the task in Exercise 2 [ignore information within them.
the underlined words for now]. Is the student
summarising the chart or graph? Circle the parts Use some referencing to avoid repetition.
of the chart/graph which the sentences describe.

Relationships [75]

© Work in pairs. Look at this task and discuss the Key grammar

questions in Exercise 2. Zero, first and second conditionals

The charts below show the results of a survey on © Work in pairs. Look at these extracts [1-3] from
happiness ratings for married and unmarried
people in the US, and the effect of children on the Dominic's answers to Speaking Exercise 5. Which
overall ratings of married couples. answer refers to something that:
Summarise the information by selecting
and reporting the main features, and make a always happens?
comparisons where relevant. b will probably happen?
c is not likely to happen?
Happiness ratings: married and unmarried people
1 I'd do well if I worked harder.
100%
2 If I don't go out this evening, for example, I'll eat

dinner and chat with her.

3 We meet up in the city if there's a birthday or
something ...

© What tenses are used in each sentence in Exercise 1?

Q page 106 Zero, first and second conditionals

© Complete these sentences by writing the correct form

of the verb in brackets.

1 My father's very decisive - if he says he's going to do
something, he >*£^S {mean] it.

2 If Jayne told the truth more often, people

{like] her better.

3 If I {be] rich, I'd give a lot of money to

charity.
4 You'll find it hard to write a good essay if you

UH| 18-29 30-49 50-64 65 mid over {not plan] it first. {not
5 If I take 50 driving lessons, I still
>

Happiness ratings: married couples pass] my test. {stop] talking, they might
6 If politicians

learn something! {have] the
7 Where would you live if you

80% choice?

8 If I keep quiet about the mistake, no one

{find out].

© & IELTS candidates often make mistakes using

conditional sentences. Correct the underlined errors
in these sentences.

children under 18 children! 8+ only 1 Globalisation can only happen if people will all
think the same way. ikII fl^i-nK
© Write your answer to the task in Exercise 7. You
2 If people would agree with each other all the time,
should write at least 150 words. the world would be a boring place.

76] Unit 7 3 Some youngsters think that if they leave home, they

would be unhappy.
4 Some people will not smile if they did not want to.
5 People have more friends if they were rich.

6 If you only think about yourself, you never

understood other people.

Unit 8 Fashion and design

I

Starting off

© Work in pairs. Look at these photos of people

wearing different clothes and briefly describe
what they are wearing.

How are their clothes suitable for what they are
doing?

Where do you think these photographs were

taken?

© Now discuss these questions.

1 What dress is traditional in your country? When
do people wear it?

2 Do you think it is important for a country to
have traditional clothes? Why?

Reading Section 3

© Work in pairs. You are going to read an article

about a project to restore a dress. Before you read,
look at the painting in the article on page 78.

1 How old do you think the painting is?
2 What do you think the person in the painting is

doing?
3 Why might some old clothes become valuable

items?

0 Read the subheading to find out what the article

is about. Then read the article quickly to find
three reasons why the dress is being restored.

Fashion and design [rn

An astonishingly intricate condition. Thus, two years ago, a fundraising project was
project is being undertaken launched by Britain's National Trust1 to pay for its conservation.
to restore a legendary
theatrical dress, Angela It turned to textile conservator Zenzie Tinker to do thejob.
Wintle explains. Zenzie loves historical dress because ofthe link with the past.
'Working on costumes like the Beetlewing dress gives you
On December 28th, 1888, the a real sense ofthe people who wore them; you can see the
sweat stains and wear marks. But it's quite unusual to know
curtain rose on a daring new who actually wore a garment. That's the thing that makes the
stage revival ofShakespeare's Beetlewing project so special.'
Macbeth at the Lyceum Theatre
in London. Topping the bill, Before any ofZenzie's conservation work can begin, she
playing Lady Macbeth, a main and her team will conduct a thorough investigation to help
character in the play, was Ellen determine what changes have been made to the dress and
Terry. She was the greatest and when. This will involve close examination ofthe dress for signs
most adored English actressof ofdamage and wear, and will be aided by comparing it with
the age. But she didn't achieve John Singer Sargent's painting and contemporary photographs.
this devotion through heracting
ability alone. She knew the power Then Zenzie and the National Trust will decide how far back to
of presentation and carefully take the reconstruction, as some members feel that even the
cultivated her image. That first
nightwas no exception. When most recent changes are now part of the history of the dress.
she walked on stage for the
famous banqueting scene, her The first stages in the actual restoration will involve
appearance drew a collective delicate surface cleaning, using a small vacuum suction device.
gasp from the audience.
Once the level of reconstruction has been determined, the
Shewas dressed in the most extraordinary clothes everto
have graced a British stage: a long, emerald and sea-green original crocheted2 overdress will be stitched onto a dyed net
gown with tapering sleeves, surmounted by a velvet cloak, support before repairs begin. 'It's going to be extraordinarily
which glistened and sparkled eerily in the limelight. Yet this difficult, because the original cloth is quite stretchy, so we've
was no mere stage trickery. The effect had been achieved deliberately chosen net because that has a certain amount of
using hundreds of wings from beetles. The gown - laternamed flexibility in it too,' says Zenzie. When the dress is displayed,
the 'Beetlewing dress' - became one of the most iconic and
celebrated costumes of the age. none of our work will be noticeable, but we'll retain all the

Terry was every bit as remarkable as her costumes. At evidence on the reverse so that future experts will be able
31, she became a leading lady at the Lyceum Theatre and for to see exactly what we've done - and I'll produce a detailed
two decades, she set about bringing culture to the masses. report.'
The productions she worked on were extravagant and daring.
Shakespeare's plays were staged alongside blood-and-thunder Zenzie has estimated that the project, costing about
melodramas and their texts were ruthlessly cut. Some people £30,000, will require more than 700 hours'work. 'It will be a
were critical, but they missed the point. The innovations sold hugeundertaking and Idon't think the Trust has ever spent
tickets and brought new audiences to see masterpieces that quite as much on a costume before,' she says. 'But this dress
theywould never otherwise have seen. is unique. It's very unusual to see this level ofworkmanship
on a theatrical costume, and it must have looked spectacular
However, it was a painter who immortalised her. John Singer on stage.' If Terry was alive today, there's no doubt she would
Sargent had beenso struck by Terry's appearance at that be delighted. Unlike many other actresses, she valued her
first performance that he asked herto model for him, and his costumes because she kept and reused them time and time
famous portrait of 1889, now at the Tate Gallery in London, again. 'I'd like to think she'd see our contribution as part of the
showed her with a glint in her eye, holding a crown overher ongoing history of the dress,' saysZenzie.
flame-red hair. But while the painting remains almost as fresh
as the dayit was painted, the years have not been so kind to 1A conservation organisation whose work includes thefunding ofprojects
designedto protect and preserve Britain's cultural heritage
the dress. Its delicate structure, combined with the cumulative
2Produced using wool and a special
effects of time, has meant it is now in an extremely fragile
needle with a hook at the end

adapted from Sussex Life magazine

78] Unit 8 a beetle

0 Answer Questions 1-10 below. Exam advice Multiple choice

Questions 1-6 Find the option which expresses the same idea;
don't just match words.
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
If you have a question on the title of the passage,
1 What do you learn about Ellen Terry in the first read the subheading again, then skim each
paragraph? paragraph quickly to check the overall theme.
A Lady Macbeth was her first leading role.
B The Lyceum was her favourite theatre. Questions 7-10
C She tried hard to look good on stage.
D She wanted to look young for her audience. Do the following statements agree with the
views of the writer in the reading passage?
2 What is the writer's purpose in paragraph 2?
A to describe different responses to the Write if the statement agrees with the
Beetlewing dress YES views of the writer
B to explain why the Beetlewing dress had
such a big impact NO if the statement contradicts the
C to consider the suitability of the Beetlewing views of the writer
dress for the play NOT GIVEN
D to compare the look of the Beetlewing dress if it is impossible to say what the
on and off the stage
writer thinks about this
3 According to the writer, the main effect of the
Lyceum productions was to 7 The National Trust conducted useful research
A expose more people to Shakespeare's plays.
B reduce the interest in other types of to assist Zenzie's plans for the dress.
production.
C raise the cost of going to the theatre. 8 There will be some discussion over the
D encourage writers to produce more plays.
changes that Zenzie's team should make to the
4 In the fourth paragraph, what comparison does
the writer make between Sargent's portrait and dress.
the Beetlewing dress?
9 Zenzie's estimate for the timing of the project
A The dress has attracted more attention than
is realistic.
the painting.
B The dress is worth more money than the 10 Ellen Terry's attitude towards her dresses was
typical of her time.
painting.
C The painting took longer to produce. Exam advice Yes / No / Not Given
D The painting looks newer.
Remember that the ideas in the passage may be
5 Zenzie says the Beetlewing project is worded differently in the questions.
particularly special because
A the dress is very old. Once you have found the right place in the
B people know who wore the dress. passage, read it carefully before you decide on

C the dress was designed by someone famous. the answer.

D there is evidence that the dress has been Make sure your choice reflects the writer's
used. opinion or claim.

6 Which of the following is the most suitable title © Look at Questions 11-14 on page 80. Underline the
for the passage?
A A lesson from the past key ideas in the questions and the box of endings.
B A challenging task
0 Use key words in Questions 11-14 to find the
C An unusual fashion show
relevant sentences in the passage. Read these
D An unexpected discovery carefully and match each question to the correct
ending.

Fashion and design [79]

! '

Questions 11-14 ClOtheS [n] [plural] Itemsthat are worn, such as skirt,

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, trousers, socks, etc. Clothes is always plural:
I packed my clothes in the suitcase.
A-F, below.
J need some new clothes.
11 Pictures will be used
dreSS [n] |C] an item of clothingworn by women
12 A special machine will be used dreSS [n] [U] a styleof clothing, e.g.formal dress, traditional

13 A net material has been selected dress, etc.
14 Work will be visible on one side

A to show how the team did the repairs on the © [] Four of these sentences contain mistakes

dress. made by IELTS candidates; one is correct. Find

B to reduce the time taken to repair the dress. and correct the mistakes.
C to remove the dirt from the top layer of the
1 Young men and women tend to wear similar
dress.
dresses, cio-rkes
D to demonstrate the quality of the team's work
2 People need shelter, cloth to wear and food to
on the dress.
eat.
E to match a quality of the original fabric used
3 Famous people attract thousands of fans, who
in the dress. imitate their style of dresses.

F to help show where the dress needs repair 4 People who travel may adopt the culture,
dresses and customs of another country.
work.
5 Indian saris are usually made using very
Exam advice Matching sentence endings
colourful cloth.
Underline the key words in the questions and
use these to find the right place in the passage. © Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer
CYou will find them in the same order.]
these questions.
Read the completed sentences to check they
1 How important is fashion to you?
make sense. 2 When did you last buy some new clothes?
3 Have you ever had your clothes made for you?
4 What's the oldest item of clothing that you own?

Vocabulary Listening Section 4

dress [uncountable] / dress[es] [countable] / O Work in pairs. How much do you remember

clothes I cloth about the Listening Test? Complete the sentences

O IELTS candidates often confuse these words: below with the words in the box.

dress / dresses / clothes / cloth. Circle the correct answers break correct eoee one
word in each of these two sentences from the
questions ten ten
Reading passage. Then check your answers by
reading the definitions below. 1 You hear the script ....ftwftft

1 She was dressed in the most extraordinary cloth / 2 You have time to read the before the
clothes ever to have graced a British stage.
start of each section.
2 Zenzie loves historical dress / dresses because of
the link with the past. 3 There is no in Section 4.

Cloth [n] [U] material that can be used to make clothes and 4 There are questions in every section.
furnishings:
Thecloth used to make this dress was very expensive. 5 There is mark per question.

6 You will hear the in the same order as

the questions.

7 Spellings must be minutes
8 At the end of the test, you get

to complete the answer sheet.

80] Unit 8

0 Work in pairs. You are going to hear someone © Work in pairs. Underline the words or phrases in

giving a lecture on a traditional Japanese form of Questions 1-10 below that have a similar area of
stitching called sashiko. Before you listen, work
in pairs and take turns to describe the items meaning to these words from the script.

below. translates as 6 dressed [in]

1 What are they? What features do they have in origins 7 skill
material/cloth
common? stitch together 8 no longer necessary
9 nowadays
2 Who do you think made them and why? patterns 10 ancient garments
3 Where would you expect to see them?
© [fy Listen and answer Questions 1-10.

: : : -. Questions 1-10
::ti i
,.' ! 1 I » Complete the sentences below.
Ii
I: i

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each

answer.

The word sashiko means ' '.

In the beginning, sashiko was rather

than decorative.

In the past, warm fabrics such as were

not available in some parts of Japan.

Warm clothes were produced by using sashiko

to join of material.

Traditional sashiko designs included one called

In the towns of ancient Japan, workers such as

wore sashiko garments.

It used to be essential for someone married to a

to know how to do sashiko.

Sashiko was not needed when began

in northern Japan.

Modern sashiko patterns include stripes and

shapes. are not as interested in
10 Unfortunately,

old clothes as in other ancient craft objects.

Exam information Exam advice Sentence completion

The words used in Listening questions are often The words in the questions will not always be
synonyms or paraphrases of words used in the exactly the same as what you hear; listen for the
script. same meaning.

You will hear the exact word[s] you need to
complete the sentences.

Read the completed sentences to check they

make sense.

© Work in small groups.

1 Why is it important to preserve old things from
the past?

2 What ancient things are kept in museums in
your culture?

Fashion and design [su

Speaking Parts 2 and 3 ©^ f^ [w\ Listen to David and Lin answering the

O Work in pairs. How much do you remember questions from Exercise 3 and put a tick [/] or
cross [X] beside the appropriate points for each
about Speaking Parts 2 and 3? Say whether these question below.
statements are true [T] or false [F]. If you think a
Who: David Lin
statement is false, correct it. X /
question 1 a presents benefits?
Part 2 b explains benefits?
c keeps strictly to the
1 I can use my notes and the topic card during question?
my talk. T
d structures their answer
2 There is a choice of topics.
3 I need to talk about the points in order. clearly?
4 It is a good idea to prepare a talk beforehand. question 2 a presents a view?
5 I can talk about myself.
6 I don't need to speak for the full two minutes. b gives reasons?
c uses general, not
Part 3
personal, arguments?
7 The questions are similar to Part 1.
8 Part 3 is longer than Part 1. d structures their answer
9 The questions gradually get more challenging.
10 I can ask the examiner to rephrase the question. clearly?
question 3 a makes comparisons?
©Work in pairs. Look at this topic and discuss
b supports points?
what you could say, making notes as you speak. c covers past and present?
Then change partners and take turns to give
your talks. d structures their answer

clearly?

© Who do you think gives the best answer to each

question: David or Lin? Why?

Describe a museum or exhibition that you Q Pronunciation: Unking and pausing
particularly enjoyed visiting.
© Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the
You should say: questions from Exercise 3 yourselves. Give your
where the museum or exhibition is/was partner feedback using the checklist in Exercise 4.
who you went with
what you saw there © Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer

and explain why you enjoyed visiting this these questions.

museum or exhibition. Fashion and history

©Work in pairs. Read the questions below and Why do many people like to wear fashionable

decide which one[s] invite you to: clothes?

a make comparisons. How do fashions vary for different age groups?
b provide a number of advantages. What factors cause adult fashions to change?
c support an opinion with reasons.
Exam advice Speaking Part 3
Then discuss how you could answer each of them.

Museums and education Listen carefully to the question: you may have
to compare / explain / list points / give an
1 What benefits can schoolchildren gain from
visiting museums? argument, etc.

2 How do you think most children feel about Make sure your answer is clear, relevant and
visiting a museum?
well developed.
3 Are museums more educational now than they
were when your parents were young? Try to use a range of vocabulary and sentence

types.

82] Unit 8

Pronunciation Writing Task 2
Linking and pausing
© Work in pairs. How much do you remember
Speakers tend to link certain words together and
pause between others. This gives their speech about Writing Task 2? Choose the correct options
a characteristic rhythm and flow, and helps the
listener follow what they say. in each of these sentences.

O f^ Listen to this extract from one of David's 1 You should allow 30 / 40 minutes to write your

answers in Speaking Exercise 4 and answer the answer.
question below.
2 You get twice as many marks as / the same
< Museums are sometimes a bit expensive, but if the
school pays, it's OK and there's such a lot to see. marks as Task 1 for this answer.

Where does he tend to link words? 3 If you write fewer than 250 words, you will lose
a Between words which end with a vowel and
marks / it doesn't matter.
begin with a consonant
4 You must I needn't give your own opinion.
b Between words which end with a consonant and 5 You should try to / needn't express opinions the

begin with a vowel examiner will agree with.
6 Paragraphing is / is not important.
© Work in pairs. Look at part of Lin's answer to 7 It is better to keep your language simple but

Questions 1 and 3 in Speaking Exercise 3. correct / try to use complex language and risk
making mistakes.
1 Which words would you link when speaking?
© Work in pairs. Underline the two opinions you
Underline them.
have to deal with in this task.
2 Where would you pause when speaking?
Put / between the words. Write about the following topic.

First of all, they can experience things directly ... Some people argue that fashion items cost too
you know, they're not in the classroom any more, much money. Others say that this is acceptable
they're in a different environment. because fashion is an important part of life.

Discuss both these views and give your own
opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge or
experience.

I don't think there's any doubt that museums are © Work in small groups. Discuss how these people
much better at educating children now ... In the
past, I think museums had a different function, might feel about the opinions in Exercise 2.
urn they were just places to keep ancient objects
like coins or pots, but now they're ... well, there 1 a celebrity 4 a parent
are many interactive displays. 2 a teenager 5 a fashion designer
3 a young adult 6 an elderly person

© fib Listen and check your answers to Exercise 2.

When you have finished, take turns to read Lin's

answers aloud.

Fashion and design [ny

© Read the sample answer below and find two © Find six other phrases in the sample answer
sentences that introduce the opinions expressed
in Exercise 4 which introduce opinions, and
in the task. Then underline the sentences that
write them in the correct column in the table
express the writer's own opinion.
in Exercise 5.

Throughout history, people have always been interested in ©The sample answer in Exercise 4 is missing a
fashion. When you read magazines these days, you see many concluding paragraph. Which of these items
would be appropriate for this part of the essay?
advertisements for the latest fashions, and some of these are
1 a statement expressing your personal opinion
very expensive. So, is this a good thing? 2 a repetition of the argument in paragraph 2
3 a reference to the views of people not mentioned
Some people saythat prices should be lower in shops, and I
can understandtheir pointof view. Before youngsters start previously in the essay
work, theydepend ontheir parents for money. Although many 4 a summary of the views discussed in the essay
parents are not wealthy, they are often pressurised into buying
things like designerjeans fortheirchildren. After they have 5 a quote
started earning money, young adultscan still find it hard to afford
fashionable clothes becausetheyare saving upfor other items. 6 a new argument about the subject
7 a logical link to the previous paragraph
However, there are other people who say they are happy to pay
for designer clothes. Teenagers look forward to doing this when © Which items 1-7 from Exercise 7 can you find in
they have theirown income. Celebritieshave plenty of money,
so they might saythat they do not worry abouthow much clothes this concluding paragraph?
cost.Theyknow they need to look after their image while they
are famous. Surely fashion designers would also argue that the fMfWoiAftW cH.ofU.e-s lA.fl.ve- be.aom.e- QiAtfe. eXpe-nsive,
cost is fine. According to peopleinthe fashion business, you
cannot criticise until you have seen how hard it is to be original X -fki-nK fke-re- is ft-ncna-k akcice fWe-se. dflfts $or

ever-tt-o-ne. Ppire-nfsJ'Ms-f kcwe fo be sfricf wifk

cWddre.-n [\boiAf wkaf fWe-jc aa-n CbrPordt tend pe-Opie-

kflive fo b-Wtt witki-w tkeir yudfte-t.

Q Key grammar: Time conjunctions: until/before/when/after

and set new trends. @ Work in small groups. Look at this Writing task.

Personally, Ithink the question depends on how important Write a list of people or organisations who would
fashion is to you. if you are not interested in fashion, you needn't have opinions on each side of the issue, then write
spend a lotof money because these days there are many clothes a plan for your answer.
shops around. On the other hand, ifyou like to look good, you
have to buy fewer clothes and pay moremoney for them. Write about the following topic.

© Work in pairs. Write these phrases introducing Some organisations believe that their employees
should dress smartly. Others value quality of work
opinions in the correct column of the table below. above appearance.

Other people disagree. X may argue that... Discuss both these views and give your own
According to X, ... In X's opinion, ... opinion.
Personally, I agree.
Give reasons for your answer and include any
A suggesting B giving C introducing D giving relevant examples from your own knowledge or
experience.

what might a clear an opposing someone
argument
be someone opinion of else's view

else's view your own

i* %'s

opinion

84] Unit 8

0 Join each pair of sentences using the conjunction

in brackets and starting with the words given.
You may need to reorganise the sentence and add,
change or remove some words.

© Write an answer to the task in Exercise 9. You 1 New fashions reach the shops. Prices often go
up. {when]
should write at least 250 words.
When new fashions reaak fWe- shops, prices
Exam advice Writing Task 2
oHe-v a well known new Mofke-.s.. at the party tonight, so I'm

2 famous b garments 2 It's formal

3 clothes c new going to wear my suit.

4 extraordinary V d connection 3 Different textiles are woven into using a

5 seen ^ e skill machine called a loom.

6 fresh f state 4 There are many different styles of for

7 condition g observed women, to suit a range of different occasions.
8 link h unusual
5 Fortunately, the that was used to make

these curtains is fire-resistant.

0 Complete these sentences with words connected 6 The shop sells a variety of hand-made
with fashion and design, then use the words to
for men and women.
complete the crossword below.
7 Some women prefer to wear skirts and tops to

1 You should wear ..StotMct... clothes to the 8 People can sometimes find it hard to throw away

graduation ceremony. their old

2 I've bought some beautiful silk to make

a shirt. Grammar

3 often set the trends for young people. © Circle the correct verb in each sentence. Then

4 More and more businesswomen are wearing a underline the time conjunctions.

to work. 1 When you don't have much money, it[%]/ will be

5 The school was very expensive. hard to afford new clothes.

6 Are you yet? It's time to go out. 2 I'm not leaving this shop until I will buy / have
bought something.
7 The is a traditional Indian garment for
3 Sashiko had a functional purpose before it has
women. for many years. become / became a decorative art form.

8 Jeans have been 4 The textiles are spun into cloth after they have
been / were dyed.
12 f
5 VK Ol r 5 Woollen fabrics sometimes shrink when you
wash I washed them.
3
6 It's important to check the quality of a garment
4 before you will buy / buy it.

56 7 Until I went to India, I have had / had no idea

7 how colourful the traditional clothes were.
8
8 When I go / have been to the fashion museum,
I'll go shopping.

9 I promise we / we'll go out after the show has

finished.

Vocabulary and grammar review Unit 8 [87]