As you know, I am keen on every kind of automation especially related to web technologies. So, I enjoy using Selenium WebDriver. You can find lots of materials in my WebDriver Series. A big part of the job of writing maintainable and stable web automation is related to finding the proper element's locators. So, I created the first and most exhaustive Selenium WebDriver cheat sheet dedicated to the locators. I hope that you will find it quite useful. Enjoy!
Initially, I created the cheat sheet while we developed the first versions of the BELLATRIX automated testing framework. Мost of the stuff in it are still relevant.
Default FindElement WebDriver Methods
| _driver.FindElement[By.Id["userName"]]; | |
| _driver.FindElement[By.ClassName["panel other"]]; | |
| _driver.FindElement[By.CssSelector["#userName"]]; | |
| _driver.FindElement[By.LinkText["Automate The Planet"]]; | |
| _driver.FindElement[By.Name["webDriverCheatSheet"]]; | |
| _driver.FindElement[By.PartialLinkText["Automate"]]; | |
| _driver.FindElement[By.TagName["a"]]; | |
| _driver.FindElement[By.XPath["//*[@id='panel']/div/h2"]]; |
Default FindsBy WebDriver Attributes
| [FindsBy[How = How.Id, Using = "userName"]] | |
| [FindsBy[How = How.ClassName, Using = "panel other"]] | |
| [FindsBy[How = How.CssSelector, Using = "#userName"]] | |
| [FindsBy[How = How.LinkText, Using = "Automate The Planet"]] | |
| [FindsBy[How = How.Name, Using = "webDriverCheatSheet"]] | |
| [FindsBy[How = How.PartialLinkText, Using = "Automate"]] | |
| [FindsBy[How = How.TagName, Using = "a"]] | |
| [FindsBy[How = How.XPath, Using = "//*[@id='panel']/div/h2"]] | |
| private IWebElement _myElement; |
Complete XPath Locators' List
//img | image element |
//img[@id='myId'] | image element with @id= 'myId' |
//img[@id!='myId'] | image elements with @id not equal to 'myId' |
//img[@name] | image elements that have name attribute |
//*[contains[@id, 'Id']] | element with @id containing |
//*[starts-with[@id, 'Id']] | element with @id starting with |
//*[ends-with[@id, 'Id']] | element with @id ending with |
//*[matches[@id, 'r']] | element with @id matching regex ‘r’ |
//*[@name='myName'] | image element with @name= 'myName' |
//*[@id='X' or @name='X'] | element with @id X or a name X |
//*[@name="N"][@value="v"] | element with @name N & specified @value ‘v’ |
//*[@name="N" and @value="v"] | element with @name N & specified @value ‘v’ |
//*[@name="N" and not[@value="v"]] | element with @name N & not specified @value ‘v’ |
//input[@type="submit"] | input of type submit |
//section[//h2[@id='hi']] | returns |
//table[count[tr] > 1] | return table with more than 1 row |
//*[.="t"] | element containing text 't' exactly |
//a[contains[text[], "Log Out"]] | anchor with inner text containing 'Log Out' |
//a[not[contains[text[], "Log Out"]]] | anchor with inner text not containing 'Log Out' |
//a[@href="url"] | anchor with target link 'url' |
//img/*[1] | first child of element img |
//ul/child::li | first child 'li' of 'ul' |
//img[1] | first img child |
//img/*[last[]] | last child of element img |
//img[last[]] | last img child |
//img[last[]-1] | second last img child |
//input/following-sibling::a | 'a' following some sibling 'input' |
//a/following-sibling::* | sibling element immediately following 'a' |
//input/preceding-sibling::a | 'a' preceding some sibling 'input' |
//input/preceding-sibling::*[1] | sibling element immediately preceding 'input' |
//img[@id='MyId']::parent/* | the parent of image with id |
//*[@id="TestTable"]//tr[3]//td[2] | cell by row and column |
//td[preceding-sibling::td="t"] | cell immediately following cell containing 't' exactly |
//td[preceding-sibling::td[contains[.,"t"]]] | cell immediately following cell containing 't' |
//input[@checked] | checkbox [or radio button] that is checked |
//a[@disabled] | all 'a' elements that are disabled |
//a[not[@disabled]] | all 'a' elements that are not disabled |
//a[@price > 2.50] | 'a' with price > 2.5 |
//ul[*] | 'ul' that has children |
Complete CSS Selectors' List
ul#myId | ‘ul’ element with @id= ‘myId’ |
#myUniqueId | any element with @id= ‘myId’ |
ul.myForm | ‘ul’ element with @class = ‘myForm’ |
.myForm.front | any element with @classes = ‘myform’ and ‘front’ |
ul#myUniqueId > li | direct child element |
ul#myUniqueId li | sub child element |
ul[name = "automateName"][style = "style_name"] | ‘ul’ element with attributes @name =‘automateName’ and @style= ‘style name’ |
ul[id = "myId"] | 'ul' element with @id='myId' |
ul[@id] | elements with @id attribute |
*[name='N'][value='v’] | elements with name N and specified value ‘v’ |
ul[id ^= "my"] | all elements with an attribute beginning with ‘my’ |
ul[id$= "Id"] | all elements with an attribute ending with ‘Id’ |
ul[id *= “unique"] | all elements with an attribute containing the substring ‘unique’ |
ul[id ~= “unique"] | all elements with an attribute containing the word ‘unique’ |
ul#myUniqueId li:first-child | first child element |
ul#myUniqueId li:nth-of-type[1] | first child element |
ul#myUniqueId li:last-child | last child element |
ul#myUniqueId li:nth-of-type[3] | last child element |
div > p | all elements that are a direct descendant of a element
|
div + p | all elements that are the next sibling of a element [i.e. placed directly after]
|
div ~p | all elements that follow, and are siblings of elements
|
a:link | all unvisited links |
a:visited | all visited links |
a:hover | all links on mouse hover |
input:active | every active element |
input:disabled | every disabled element |
input:enabled | every enabled element |
input:focus | the element which has focus |
input:read-only | elements with the ‘readonly’ attribute specified |
input:required | elements with the ‘required’ attribute specified |
input:checked | checkbox [or radio button] that is checked |
form myForm.front + ul | next sibling |
a:contains['Log Out'] | anchor with inner text containing 'Log Out' |
a[href='url'] | anchor with target link 'url' |
#TestTable tr:nth-child[3] td:nth-child[2] | cell by row and column [e.g. 3rd row, 2nd column] |
td:contains['t'] ~td | cell immediately following cell containing 't' |
p:lang[language] | all elements with a @lang attribute equal to ‘language’ |
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