Dystopian literature books

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This is a list of notable works of dystopian literature. A dystopia is an unpleasant [typically repressive] society, often propagandized as being utopian. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction states that dystopian works depict a negative view of "the way the world is supposedly going in order to provide urgent propaganda for a change in direction."[1][2]

• Gulliver's Travels [1726] by Jonathan Swift[3]

• The Last Man [1826] by Mary Shelley
• A Sojourn in the City of Amalgamation, in the Year of Our Lord, 19-- [1835] by Oliver Bolokitten[4]
• The Tragedy of Man [1862] by Imre Madách
• Paris in the Twentieth Century [1863] by Jules Verne
• Notes from Underground [1864] by Fyodor Dostoevsky
• The History of a Town [1870] by Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin
• Vril, the Power of the Coming Race [1871] by Edward Bulwer-Lytton, originally printed as The Coming Race[5]
• Erewhon [1872] by Samuel Butler
• The Begum's Fortune [1879] by Jules Verne[1]
• The Fixed Period [1882] by Anthony Trollope
• The Republic of the Future [1887] by Anna Bowman Dodd[6]
• The Inner House [1888] by Walter Besant
• Caesar's Column [1890] by Ignatius L. Donnelly[7]
• Pictures of the Socialistic Future [1891] by Eugen Richter[8]
• "The Repairer of Reputations" [1895] by Robert W. Chambers[9]
• The Time Machine [1895] by H. G. Wells[10]
• When The Sleeper Wakes [1899] by H. G. Wells[1]

• The First Men in the Moon [1901] by H. G. Wells[1]
• The Purple Cloud [1901] by M. P. Shiel
• Trylogia Księżycowa [The Lunar Trilogy] [1901–1911] by Jerzy Żuławski[11]
• The Iron Heel [1908] by Jack London[1][10]
• Lord of the World [1908] by Robert Hugh Benson
• The Machine Stops [1909] by E. M. Forster[1]

• The Night Land [1912] by William Hope Hodgson
• When William Came written in 1913 by Saki as a future history, this is among the earliest of Pax Germanica genre
• The Heads of Cerberus [1919] by "Francis Stevens" [Gertrude Barrows Bennett][12]

• R.U.R.: Rossum's Universal Robots [1921] by Karel Čapek[13]
• We [1921] by Yevgeny Zamyatin[1]
• Miasto światłości [1924] by Mieczysław Smolarski
• The Trial [1925] by Franz Kafka

• The Foundation Pit [1930] by Andrei Platonov[14]
• Brave New World [1932] by Aldous Huxley[1][10]
• Cat Country [1932/1933] by Lao She[15]
• It Can't Happen Here [1935] by Sinclair Lewis
• War with the Newts [1936] by Karel Čapek[16]
• Swastika Night [1937] by Katharine Burdekin[12][17]
• Anthem [1938] by Ayn Rand[1][18]
• Invitation to a Beheading [1938] by Vladimir Nabokov[19]

• Darkness at Noon [1940] by Arthur Koestler[20]
• "If This Goes On—" [1940] by Robert A. Heinlein[1]
• Kallocain [1940] by Karin Boye[21]
• The Moon Is Down [1942] by John Steinbeck
• Animal Farm [1945] by George Orwell
• That Hideous Strength [1945] by C. S. Lewis[18]
• Peace In Our Time [1946] by Noël Coward
• Bend Sinister [1947] by Vladimir Nabokov[22]
• Ape and Essence [1948] by Aldous Huxley[1]
• Some Time Never: A Fable for Supermen [1948] by Roald Dahl
• The World of Null-A [1948] by A. E. van Vogt
• Heliopolis [1949] by Ernst Jünger
• Nineteen Eighty-Four [1949] by George Orwell[10][23]

• Player Piano [1952] by Kurt Vonnegut[24]
• The Sound of His Horn [1952] by Sarban
• Fahrenheit 451 [1953] by Ray Bradbury[1][10]
• Love Among the Ruins [1953] by Evelyn Waugh[18]
• One [1953] by David Karp[25]
• The Space Merchants [1953] by Frederik Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth[26]
• The Caves of Steel [1954] by Isaac Asimov
• Lord of the Flies [1954] by William Golding[10]
• The Chrysalids [1955] by John Wyndham[10]
• The City and the Stars [1956] by Arthur C. Clarke
• Minority Report [1956] by Philip K. Dick
• The World Jones Made [1956] by Philip K. Dick
• Atlas Shrugged [1957] by Ayn Rand
• The Naked Sun [1957] by Isaac Asimov
• The Rise of the Meritocracy [1958] by Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington
• Alas, Babylon [1959] by Pat Frank
• A Canticle for Leibowitz [1959] by Walter M. Miller Jr.

• Dr. Futurity [1960] by Philip K. Dick
• Facial Justice [1960] by L. P. Hartley[27]
• Vulcan's Hammer [1960] by Philip K. Dick
• "Harrison Bergeron" [1961] by Kurt Vonnegut[28]
• Powrót z gwiazd [1961] by Stanisław Lem
• The Old Men at the Zoo [1961] by Angus Wilson[29]
• A Clockwork Orange [1962] by Anthony Burgess[1]
• The Man in the High Castle [1962] by Philip K. Dick
• The Wanting Seed [1962] by Anthony Burgess
• The Game-Players of Titan [1963] by Philip K Dick
• Planet of the Apes [1963] by Pierre Boulle
• Farnham's Freehold [1964] by Robert A. Heinlein
• Nova Express [1964] by William S. Burroughs[1]
• The Penultimate Truth [1964] by Philip K. Dick[1]
• The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch [1964] by Philip K. Dick
• "Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman [1965] by Harlan Ellison
• The Crack in Space [1966] by Philip K. Dick
• The Dream Master [1966] by Roger Zelazny
• Make Room! Make Room! [1966] by Harry Harrison[1]
• Now Wait for Last Year [1966] by Philip K. Dick
• "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" by Harlan Ellison [1967] [post-apocalyptic with elements of dystopia]
• Logan's Run [1967] by William F. Nolan and George Clayton Johnson
• The Time Hoppers [1967] by Robert Silverberg
• The White Mountains [1967] by John Christopher[1]
• Why Call Them Back from Heaven? [1967] by Clifford D. Simak
• A Very Private Life [1968] by Michael Frayn[30]
• Camp Concentration [1968] by Thomas M. Disch[29]
• The City of Gold and Lead [1968] by John Christopher[1]
• Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? [1968] by Philip K. Dick
• The Pool of Fire [1968] by John Christopher[1]
• Stand on Zanzibar [1968] by John Brunner[1]
• Synthajoy [1968] by D. G. Compton
• The Jagged Orbit [1969] by John Brunner[1]

• Our Friends from Frolix 8 [1970] by Philip K. Dick
• This Perfect Day [1970] by Ira Levin[31]
• The Guardians [1970] by John Christopher
• The Lorax [1971] by Dr. Seuss
• The Lathe of Heaven [1971] by Ursula K. Le Guin[32]
• Los Angeles: AD 2017 [1971] by Phillip Wylie
• The World Inside [1971] by Robert Silverberg
• 334 [1972] by Thomas M. Disch[12]
• The Sheep Look Up [1972] by John Brunner[1]
• The Iron Dream [1972] by Norman Spinrad
• The Camp of the Saints [Le Camp des Saints] [1973] by Jean Raspail
• The Ultimate Solution by Eric Norden [1973]
• Flow My Tears, the Policeman Said [1974] by Philip K. Dick[33]
• Walk to the End of the World [1974] by Suzy McKee Charnas[1]
• The Forever War [1975] by Joe Haldeman
• The Girl Who Owned a City [1975] by O. T. Nelson
• High-Rise [1975] by J. G. Ballard
• The Shockwave Rider [1975] by John Brunner[1]
• Don't Bite the Sun [1976] by Tanith Lee
• Woman on the Edge of Time [1976] by Marge Piercy[1]
• The Dark Tower[34] [1977] – unfinished, attributed to C. S. Lewis,[34] published as The Dark Tower and Other Stories
• A Scanner Darkly [1977] by Philip K. Dick[35]
• The Eye of the Heron [1978] by Ursula K. Le Guin
• SS-GB by Len Deighton [1978]
• The Stand [1978] by Stephen King
• 1985 [1978] by Anthony Burgess
• The Turner Diaries [1978] by Andrew Macdonald
• Alongside Night [1979] by J. Neil Schulman[36]
• The Long Walk [1979] by Stephen King under the pseudonym Richard Bachman

• Mockingbird [1980] by Walter Tevis
• Riddley Walker [1980] by Russell Hoban[37][38]
• Lanark: A Life in Four Books [1981] by Alasdair Gray[39]
• Limes inferior [1982] by Janusz Zajdel
• The Running Man [1982] by Stephen King under the pseudonym Richard Bachman[10]
• HaDerekh LeEin Harod [1984] by Amos Kenan. 1984 saw the appearance of the first Israeli dystopian novel, and this one appeared shortly after. Like other Israeli dystopian novels, it is concerned with the religious right taking control of the Jewish state.
• Paradyzja [1984] by Janusz Zajdel
• Sprawl trilogy: Neuromancer [1984],[10] Count Zero [1986] and Mona Lisa Overdrive [1988] by William Gibson[40][41]
• Dayworld [1985] by Philip José Farmer
• The Handmaid's Tale [1985] by Margaret Atwood[1][10]
• In the Country of Last Things [1985] by Paul Auster
• Moscow 2042 [1986] by Vladimir Voinovich[42]
• Sea of Glass [1986] by Barry B. Longyear
• Obernewtyn Chronicles [1987–2008] by Isobelle Carmody[43]
• The Domination [1988] by S. M. Stirling[44]
• When the Tripods Came [1988] by John Christopher[1]
• The Proteus Operation by James P. Hogan [1985]
• The Divide by William Overgard [1980]
• To the Stars [trilogy] by Harry Harrison

• Clash of Eagles by Leo Rutman [1990]
• The Dark Beyond the Stars by Frank M. Robinson [1991]
• Timewyrm: Exodus [Doctor Who novel] by Terrance Dicks [1991]
• The War in 2020 by Ralph Peters [Pocket Books, 1991][45]
• The Children of Men [1992] by P. D. James [Faber and Faber, 1992][10][46]
• Fatherland by Robert Harris [Hutchinson, 1992][47]
• Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson [Bantam Spectra, 1992][47]
• Parable of the Sower by Octavia E. Butler [Four Walls Eight Windows, 1993][citation needed]
• Virtual Light [1993] by William Gibson [Bantam Spectra, 1993][citation needed]
• Vurt by Jeff Noon [1993]
• The Memory Police by Yōko Ogawa [1994]
• The Diamond Age, or A Young Lady's Illustrated Primer by Neal Stephenson [Bantam Spectra, 1994][48]
• Gun, with Occasional Music by Jonathan Lethem [Harcourt Brace & Co., 1994][49]
• Amnesia Moon by Jonathan Lethem [1995]
• '48 by James Herbert [1996]
• Attentatet i Pålsjö skog by Hans Alfredson [1996]
• Infinite Jest by David Foster Wallace [Little, Brown, 1996][citation needed]
• Battle Royale by Koushun Takami [Ohta Publishing, 1999][50]
• Forever Free by Joe Haldeman [1999]
• The Ice People by Maggie Gee [Richard Cohen Books, 1999][citation needed]

• The Giver by Lois Lowry [Houghton Mifflin, 1993][51]
• Shade's Children by Garth Nix [1997]
• Among the Hidden [Shadow Children #1] by Margaret Peterson Haddix[citation needed]

• Ella Minnow Pea by Mark Dunn [MacAdam/Cage, 2001]
• Feed by M. T. Anderson [Candlewick Press, 2002][52]
• In the Presence of Mine Enemies by Harry Turtledove [2003, the first 21 pages were originally a short story published in 1992]
• Jennifer Government by Max Barry [Doubleday, 2003]
• Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood [Doubleday, 2003][53]
• Asphalt by Carl Hancock Rux [Simon & Schuster, 2004]
• Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell [Sceptre, 2004][54]
• The Plot Against America by Philip Roth [Houghton Mifflin, 2004]
• Divided Kingdom by Rupert Thomson [Alfred A. Knopf, 2005][55]
• Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro [Faber and Faber, 2005][55][56][not specific enough to verify]
• Armageddon's Children by Terry Brooks [Del Rey Books, 2006]
• The Book of Dave by Will Self [Viking Press, 2006][57][not specific enough to verify]
• Day of the Oprichnik by Vladimir Sorokin [Zakharov Books, 2006][58]
• The Road by Cormac McCarthy [Alfred A. Knopf, 2006]
• Blind Faith by Ben Elton [Bantam Press, 2007]
• Rant by Chuck Palahniuk [Doubleday, 2007]
• Last Light by Alex Scarrow [Orion Publishing Group, 2007]
• Nontraditional Love by Rafael Grugman [Liberty Publishing House, 2008] [59][60]
• World Made by Hand by James Howard Kunstler [Atlantic Monthly Press, 2008]
• The City & the City by China Miéville [Del Rey Books, 2009]
• Shades of Grey by Jasper Fforde [Viking Press, 2009]
• The Windup Girl by Paolo Bacigalupi [Night Shade Books, 2009]
• The Year of the Flood by Margaret Atwood [McClelland & Stewart, 2009][61][non-primary source needed]
• Z213: Exit by Dimitris Lyacos [Shoestring Press, 2009][62]
• Collaborator by Murray Davies [2003]
• Farthing, Ha'penny, and Half a Crown, series by Jo Walton [2006–2008]

• Gathering Blue by Lois Lowry [Houghton Mifflin, 2000]
• Mortal Engines [The Hungry City Chronicles #1] by Philip Reeve [Scholastic, 2001]
• Noughts and Crosses by Malorie Blackman [Random House, 2001][63]
• The House of the Scorpion by Nancy Farmer [Atheneum Books, 2002]
• Among the Barons [Shadow Children #4] by Margaret Peterson Haddix [Simon & Schuster, 2003]
• Among the Betrayed [Shadow Children #3] by Margaret Peterson Haddix [Simon & Schuster, 2003]
• The City of Ember by Jeanne DuPrau [Random House, 2003]
• Among the Brave [Shadow Children #5] by Margaret Peterson Haddix [Simon & Schuster, 2004]
• Messenger by Lois Lowry [Houghton Mifflin, 2004]
• The People of Sparks by Jeanne DuPrau [Yearling, 2004]
• Among the Enemy [Shadow Children #6] by Margaret Peterson Haddix [Simon & Schuster, 2005]
• Checkmate by Malorie Blackman [Random House, 2005][64]
• Uglies by Scott Westerfeld [Simon Pulse, 2005][65]
• Pretties by Scott Westerfeld [Simon Pulse, 2005]
• Among the Free [Shadow Children #7] by Margaret Peterson Haddix [Simon & Schuster, 2006]
• Genesis by Bernard Beckett [Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006][66][unreliable source?]
• Life as We Knew It by Susan Beth Pfeffer [Harcourt Children's Books, 2006]
• Specials by Scott Westerfeld [Simon & Schuster, 2006]
• The Host by Stephenie Meyer [Little, Brown and Company, 2008][67][non-primary source needed]
• Extras by Scott Westerfeld [Simon & Schuster, 2007]
• Incarceron by Catherine Fisher [Hodder & Stoughton, 2007]
• Unwind by Neal Shusterman [Simon & Schuster, 2007]
• The Dead and the Gone by Susan Beth Pfeffer [Harcourt Children's Books, 2008]
• The Declaration by Gemma Malley [Bloomsbury Publishing, 2008][68]
• From the New World by Yusuke Kishi [Kodansha Novels, 2008]
• Gone by Michael Grant [HarperCollins, 2008]
• The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins [Scholastic, 2008]
• The Diamond of Darkhold by Jeanne DuPrau [Yearling, 2008]
• The Resistance by Gemma Malley [Bloomsbury Publishing, 2008][69]
• Sapphique [2007] by Catherine Fisher [Hodder & Stoughton, 2008]
• Catching Fire by Suzanne Collins [Scholastic, 2009]
• The Forest of Hands and Teeth by Carrie Ryan [Random House, 2009][70]
• The Maze Runner by James Dashner [Delacorte Press, 2009]

• The Envy Chronicles [series] by Joss Ware [Avon, 2010–2015]
• The Passage by Justin Cronin [Ballantine Books, 2010]
• Super Sad True Love Story by Gary Shteyngart [Random House, 2010]
• Ready Player One by Ernest Cline [Random House, 2011]
• Shimoneta by Hirotaka Akagi [Shogakukan, 2012][71]
• Bleeding Edge by Thomas Pynchon [Penguin Press, 2013]
• The Bone Season by Samantha Shannon [Bloomsbury, 2013][72]
• The Circle by Dave Eggers [Alfred A. Knopf, 2013][73]
• MaddAddam by Margaret Atwood [Nan A. Talese, 2013][74]
• The Office of Mercy by Ariel Djanikian [Viking Books, 2013][75]
• Wool by Hugh Howey [Simon & Schuster, 2013][76]
• Dominion by C. J. Sansom [Mulholland Books, 2014]
• Submission by Michel Houellebecq [Groupe Flammarion, 2015]
• The Heart Goes Last by Margaret Atwood [Penguin Random House, 2015]
• Friday Black, by Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah [Mariner Books, 2018]
• Tears of the Trufflepig, by Fernando A. Flores [FSG Originals, 2019]
• The Testaments by Margaret Atwood [Nan A. Talese, 2019]

• Matched by Ally Condie [Dutton Children's Books, 2010][77]
• Mockingjay by Suzanne Collins [Scholastic Corporation, 2010][78]
• Monsters of Men by Patrick Ness [Candlewick Press, 2010][79]
• The Scorch Trials by James Dashner [Delacorte Press, 2010]
• Across The Universe by Beth Revis [Razorbill Books, 2011]
• Crossed by Ally Condie [Dutton Children's Books, 2011][77]
• The Death Cure by James Dashner [Delacorte Press, 2011]
• Delirium by Lauren Oliver [HarperCollins, 2011]
• Divergent by Veronica Roth [Katherine Tegen Books, 2011]
• Legend by Marie Lu [G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2011]
• Shatter Me by Tahereh Mafi [HarperCollins, 2011]
• The Unwanteds by Lisa McMann [Aladdin Paperbacks, 2011]
• Wither by Lauren DeStefano [Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing, 2011]
• Article 5 by Kristen Simmons [Tor Teen, 2012]
• Pandemonium by Lauren Oliver [HarperCollins, 2012]
• Insurgent by Veronica Roth [Katherine Tegen Books, 2012][citation needed]
• The Selection by Kiera Cass [HarperCollins, 2012]
• Son by Lois Lowry [Houghton Mifflin, 2012]
• Reached by Ally Condie [Dutton Children's Books, 2012]
• Revealing Eden by Victoria Foyt [Sand Dollar Press, Inc., 2012][citation needed]
• Under the Never Sky by Veronica Rossi [HarperCollins, 2012][80]
• Prodigy by Marie Lu [G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2013]
• The Elite by Kiera Cass [HarperCollins, 2013]
• The 5th Wave by Rick Yancey [Penguin Group, 2013]
• Unravel Me by Tahereh Mafi [HarperCollins, 2013]
• Allegiant by Veronica Roth [Katherine Tegen Books, 2013]
• Champion by Marie Lu [G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2013]
• Reboot by Amy Tintera [Harper Teen, 2013]
• The Infinite Sea by Rick Yancey [G.P. Putnam's Sons, 2014]
• Red Rising by Pierce Brown [Random House LLC, 2014]
• Golden Son by Pierce Brown [Random House LLC, 2015]
• Red Queen [novel] by Victoria Aveyard [Harper Teen, 2015]
• Morning Star by Pierce Brown [Random House LLC, 2016]
• The Last Star by Rick Yancey [G.P. Putnam's Sons, 2016]
• Scythe by Neal Shusterman [Simon & Schuster, 2016]
• Iron Gold by Pierce Brown [Del Rey Books, 2018]

• The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes by Suzanne Collins [Scholastic, 2020]
• Ready Player Two by Ernest Cline [Ballantine Books, 2020]

• Lists of dystopian works
• Science fiction
• List of utopian literature

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Stableford, Brian [1993]. "Dystopias". In Clute, John; Nicholls, Peter [eds.]. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction [2nd ed.]. Orbit, London. pp. 360–362. ISBN 1-85723-124-4.
2. ^ "Life of chaos, life of hope: Dystopian literature for young adults". Retrieved June 4, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status [link]
3. ^ Houston, Chlöe [2007]. "Utopia, Dystopia or Anti-utopia? Gulliver's Travels and the Utopian Mode of Discourse". Utopian Studies. Penn State University Press. 18 [3, Irish Utopian]: 425–442. JSTOR 20719885.
4. ^ Kennedy, Randall [2003]. Interracial Intimacies. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-375-40255-5.
5. ^ Marina Yaguello. Lunatic Lovers of language. Imaginary languages and their inventors. London: Athlone Press, 1991. 0-485-11303-1. p. 31.
6. ^ Jean Pfaelzer [1984]. The Utopian Novel in America 1886–1896: The Politics of Form. Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press; pp. 81–6.
7. ^ Pfaelzer, pp. 120–40.
8. ^ Art, Carden [June 28, 2010]. "Looking Hard at 'Pictures of the Socialistic Future'". Forbes.
9. ^ Barron, Neil [1998]. What Do I Read Next?. Detroit: Gale Group. p. 299. ISBN 0-7876-2150-1. "The Repairer of Reputations", which offers a dystopic vision of the future...
10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Top 12 Dystopian Novels". March 12, 2008.
11. ^ Uniwersytet Jagielloński [1986]. Prace historycznoliterackie. p. 70. ISBN 9788301066154. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
12. ^ a b c Mark Bould, Sherryl Vint, [2011] The Routledge Concise History of Science Fiction. Routledge, ISBN 0-415-43571-4 [p.23].
13. ^ "Another classic dystopian work, Karel Čapek's R.U.R. [1921] was written at the same time as Zamyatin's work". The Cybernetic Imagination in Science Fiction. Patricia S. Warrick, MIT Press, 1980 ISBN 0-262-73061-8, [p.48].
14. ^ "Top 10 Overlooked Dystopian Novels You Should Read – Toptenz.net". toptenz.net. March 9, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
15. ^ HO, KOON-KI TOMMY [1987]. "Cat Country: A Dystopian Satire". Modern Chinese Literature. 3 [1/2]: 71–89. ISSN 8755-8963. JSTOR 41492507.
16. ^ Cornis-Pope Marcel & John Neubauer [2004]. History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries, Volume 3. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, 2004. p. 183. ISBN 90-272-3455-8. ...the dystopic satire Válka s mloky [The War With The Newts]...
17. ^ " a feminist novelist called Katherine Burdekin published under a male pseudonym, Murray Constantine, an anti-fascist dystopia with the title Swastika Night.."Alkeline van Lenning, Marrie Bekker, Ine Vanwesenbeeck, [p.88] Feminist Utopias in a Post Modern Era. Tilburg University Press, 1997. ISBN 9036197473
18. ^ a b c Tom Moylan; Raffaella Baccolini [2003]. Dark horizons: science fiction and the dystopian imagination. Taylor and Francis Books. ISBN 0-415-96613-2. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
19. ^ Booker, M. Keith [2002]. The Post-utopian Imagination: American Culture in the Long 1950s. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 50. ISBN 0-313-32165-5. Invitation also resembles other absurdist dystopias of the 1930s, such as Ruthven Todd's Over the Mountain [1939] and Rex Warner's The Wild Goose Chase.
20. ^ Clute, John [1993]. "Koestler, Arthur". In Clute, John; Nicholls, Peter [eds.]. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction [2nd ed.]. Orbit, London. p. 675. ISBN 1-85723-124-4.
21. ^ Hickman, John [2009]. "When Science Fiction Writers Used Fictional Drugs: Rise and Fall of the Twentieth-Century Drug Dystopia". Utopian Studies. Penn State University Press. 20 [1]: 141–170. JSTOR 20719933.
22. ^ Clute, John [1993]. "Nabokov, Vladimir". In Clute, John; Nicholls, Peter [eds.]. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction [2nd ed.]. Orbit, London. p. 854. ISBN 1-85723-124-4.
23. ^ Clute, John [1993]. "Orwell, George". In Clute, John; Nicholls, Peter [eds.]. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction [2nd ed.]. Orbit, London. p. 896. ISBN 1-85723-124-4.
24. ^ Stableford, Brian [1993]. "Vonnegut, Kurt Jr.". In Clute, John; Nicholls, Peter [eds.]. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction [2nd ed.]. Orbit, London. p. 1289. ISBN 1-85723-124-4.
25. ^ "Dystopia – Twentieth-century Dystopias". Science.jrank.org. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
26. ^ "The Space Merchants describes an archetypal dystopia, an America choked by the waste products of consumerism..." George Mann, The Mammoth Encyclopedia of Science Fiction Constable & Robinson Ltd, 2012 ISBN 1-78033-704-3 [p. 1983].
27. ^ Knud Sørensen [1971] "Language and Society in L. P. Hartley's 'Facial Justice,'" Orbis Litterarum 26 [1], 68–84.
28. ^ Lopez, Edward J Archived November 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. [associate professor, San Jose State University] "Thoughts on "Harrison Bergeron"", April 16, 2007
29. ^ a b The best dystopias Michael Moorcock, The Guardian, January 22, 2009. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
30. ^ "Michael Frayn's comedy has more usually taken an anti-utopian turn. He has written one explicitly dystopian novel, A Very Private Life...", "Whitehall Farces" Patrick Parrinder, London Review of Books, October 8, 1992.
31. ^ Clute, John [1993]. "Levin, Ira". In Clute, John; Nicholls, Peter [eds.]. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction [2nd ed.]. Orbit, London. p. 715. ISBN 1-85723-124-4.
32. ^ "Ursula Le Guin Q&A | By genre | Guardian Unlimited Books". London: Books.guardian.co.uk. February 9, 2004. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
33. ^ Survey of Science Fiction Literature
34. ^ a b Downing, David C. [September 1, 1995]. Planets in Peril: A Critical Study of C.S. Lewis's Ransom Trilogy. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 157. ISBN 0-87023-997-X.
35. ^ Walter, Damien [December 17, 2012]. "Darkness in literature: Philip K Dick's A Scanner Darkly". The Guardian. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
36. ^ Kirkus Reviews, October 1, 1979.
37. ^ Mullan, John [November 12, 2010]. "Riddley Walker by Russell Hoban". The Guardian. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
38. ^ Riddley Walker: a Novel. WorldCat. OCLC 6916115.
39. ^ "The hero migrates from "real" Glasgow to Unthank, an underground dystopia". John Clute, Science Fiction: A Visual Encyclopedia. Dorling Kindersley, 1995 [p. 231].
40. ^ Kirkus Reviews, February 1, 1984.
41. ^ Kirkus Reviews, February 15, 1986
42. ^ "BOOKS OF THE TIMES". The New York Times. June 2, 1987.
43. ^ Strauss, Victoria. "Book Review: Obernewtyn Vol. 1, The Obernewtyn Chronicles", SF Site, 1999
44. ^ Characterized as such by author himself, see Chapter 1
45. ^ "Kirkus Book Review".
46. ^ Kirkus Reviews, December 1, 1993.
47. ^ a b Kirkus Reviews, May 15, 1992.
48. ^ Kirkus Reviews, December 15, 1994.
49. ^ Phil Daoust [September 1, 2001]. "A kangaroo in a dinner jacket". London: Books.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
50. ^ Koehler, Robert [January 23, 2001]. "Battle Royale film review [mentions book]". Variety Magazine. Retrieved January 23, 2007.
51. ^ Natalie Babbitt, "The Hidden Cost of Contentment", Washington Post May 9, 1993, p. X15.
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