How do I connect an external hard drive to my motherboard?

Most desktop computers have multiple drive bays, each of which can hold a hard drive. If you have a 3.5-inch hard drive and a 3.5-inch drive bay, it will usually slide right in. However, if your drive is smaller than your bay, you'll need an adapter to make it fit correctly. Making internal connections is usually simple, requiring a single data and a single power cable. Of course, while it's relatively easy to install an internal drive, adding storage to your business's computers with external drives is even easier -- just plug them in and use them.

External Drives

  1. Plug the drive's power adapter into an electric outlet, then plug the cable coming out of it into the power input on the drive itself. If the drive has a power button or switch, set it to the "On" position. You may omit this step if the drive is USB-powered.

  2. Connect the data cable to the corresponding port on the back of the hard drive. Most hard drives use either a USB connection or an external Serial Advanced Technology Attachment cable. In either case, it can only be inserted one way, so it's important not to force it.

  3. Connect the other end of the cable to a corresponding USB or eSATA port on your computer. Once your computer recognizes the drive, it will be ready for use.

Internal Drives

  1. Touch a metal part on the chassis of your computer, like its back panel, to ground yourself and remove any static electricity that has built up in your body.

  2. Shut down your computer and unplug it from the wall.

  3. Remove the side and front covers of the case so that you can easily access the internal drive bays.

  4. Slide the new hard drive into an open 3.5-inch drive bay and use the four mounting screws to secure it in place. If you have a 2.5-inch hard drive, or if you need to place your hard drive in a 5-inch bay, attach a set of adapter rails that connect to the sides or bottom of the drive to make it fit in the larger bay. You can then screw the rails into the mounting bay.

  5. Connect a SATA data cable to your drive's SATA data connector. The data connector is the smaller one on the back of the drive. The piece containing the connectors inside the socket on your drive or motherboard is shaped like a capital L with a very short tail. This prevents you from inserting the cable the wrong way.

  6. Connect an SATA power cable coming out of your computer's power supply to your drive's SATA power connector. The SATA power connector looks like the data connector but is much wider. If your power supply doesn't have an extra SATA power connector, connect a four-pin Molex-to-SATA power adapter to a large white four-pin connector coming out of your motherboard.

  7. Connect the other end of the SATA data cable to an open SATA port on your motherboard. If your computer's motherboard is out of SATA ports, you will have to add an expansion card with additional internal ports.

  8. Replace your computer's cover and plug it back in. Your drive is now hooked up.

How to connect SATA drives to a PC using a USB to SATA/IDE adapter

If you need to connect your SATA hard drive to another computer for data recovery, but don’t want to disassemble the tower because of the warranty, lack available SATA ports or simply prefer using a laptop PC, you can easily convert this SATA drive into an external disk plugged into a USB port of the computer instead of the motherboard.

Before starting the procedure, you need to prepare a USB to SATA/IDE adapter, which enables communication between these two most common interfaces. As USB ports are not able to provide sufficient current to spin the drives, you also have to find some external power supply like an AC/DC adapter and a Molex to SATA Power cable for it. However, some models of USB to SATA/IDE adapters pack both an adapter and a power supply together so that you wouldn’t have to look for a way how to power your drive.

  1. Power the drive

    Attach the power cable of your SATA drive to the Molex to SATA Power cable connected to the power supply.

  2. Check the drive

    Before connecting the SATA hard drive to your PC, you should make sure that it is operable. Switch the power on and listen to the disk: you should hear its start and initialization without any unusual noises, like clicking or grinding. If the drive doesn’t produce any sounds, this may signal about electronics failure.

  3. Connect the drive to the USB to SATA/IDE adapter

    If the disk is in working order, switch the power off and connect its SATA data cable to the USB to SATA/IDE adapter. Switch the power supply back on and wait until the drive boots.

  4. Connect the USB to SATA/IDE adapter to the PC

    Now you can connect the USB cable (USB plug) of the adapter to the USB port on your computer. As soon as the connection is established, the drive will be displayed in Disk Management.

The following video-guide will walk you through the whole process:

To learn more about interface type identification as well as other possible methods of connection, please, refer to HOW TO: Identify the interface type of a hard drive and connect it to a PC for data recovery.

Last update: August 21, 2022

If you liked this article, you can share it on social media:

How do I connect an external hard drive to my computer directly?

Connect the USB cable to the hard drive if not already connected and the other end to a USB port on the computer. Plug the other end of the USB cable into a USB port on the computer. After connecting the external hard drive to the computer, it should be recognized automatically by your computer's operating system.

What type of connector can be used to connect an external hard drive to the motherboard?

Serial ATA (SATA) One cable connects one hard drive to one port on the motherboard (as opposed to Parallel ATA).

How do I access my external hard drive from BIOS?

If you installed a new hard disk, check whether the hard disk was successfully installed. When starting or restarting the computer, press F2 to enter the BIOS Setup screen. All of the installed disks will appear in the Disk Information area.