Hướng dẫn php setlocale not working

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

setlocale — Set locale information

Description

setlocale(int $category, string $locales, string ...$rest): string|false

Alternative signature (not supported with named arguments):

setlocale(int $category, array $locale_array): string|false

Warning

The locale information is maintained per process, not per thread. If you are running PHP on a multithreaded server API , you may experience sudden changes in locale settings while a script is running, though the script itself never called setlocale(). This happens due to other scripts running in different threads of the same process at the same time, changing the process-wide locale using setlocale(). On Windows, locale information is maintained per thread as of PHP 7.0.5.

Parameters

category is a named constant specifying the category of the functions affected by the locale setting:

• LC_ALL for all of the below
• LC_COLLATE for string comparison, see strcoll()
• LC_CTYPE for character classification and conversion, for example strtoupper()
• LC_MONETARY for localeconv()
• LC_NUMERIC for decimal separator (See also localeconv())
• LC_TIME for date and time formatting with strftime()
• LC_MESSAGES for system responses (available if PHP was compiled with libintl)

If locales is the empty string "", the locale names will be set from the values of environment variables with the same names as the above categories, or from "LANG".

If locales is "0", the locale setting is not affected, only the current setting is returned.

If locales is followed by additional parameters then each parameter is tried to be set as new locale until success. This is useful if a locale is known under different names on different systems or for providing a fallback for a possibly not available locale.

Optional string parameters to try as locale settings until success.

Each array element is tried to be set as new locale until success. This is useful if a locale is known under different names on different systems or for providing a fallback for a possibly not available locale.

Note:

On Windows, setlocale(LC_ALL, '') sets the locale names from the system's regional/language settings (accessible via Control Panel).

Return Values

Returns the new current locale, or false if the locale functionality is not implemented on your platform, the specified locale does not exist or the category name is invalid.

An invalid category name also causes a warning message. Category/locale names can be found in » RFC 1766 and » ISO 639. Different systems have different naming schemes for locales.

Note:

The return value of setlocale() depends on the system that PHP is running. It returns exactly what the system setlocale function returns.

Examples

Example #1 setlocale() Examples

/* Set locale to Dutch */
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'nl_NL');/* Output: vrijdag 22 december 1978 */
echo strftime("%A %e %B %Y", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 22, 1978));/* try different possible locale names for german */
$loc_de = setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE@euro', 'de_DE', 'de', 'ge');
echo "Preferred locale for german on this system is '$loc_de'";
?>

Example #2 setlocale() Examples for Windows

/* Set locale to Dutch */
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'nld_nld');/* Output: vrijdag 22 december 1978 */
echo strftime("%A %d %B %Y", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 22, 1978));/* try different possible locale names for german */
$loc_de = setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE@euro', 'de_DE', 'deu_deu');
echo "Preferred locale for german on this system is '$loc_de'";
?>

Notes

r dot nospam dot velseboer at quicknet dot nospam dot nl ¶

20 years ago

be careful with the LC_ALL setting, as it may introduce some unwanted conversions. For example, I used

setlocale (LC_ALL, "Dutch");

to get my weekdays in dutch on the page. From that moment on (as I found out many hours later) my floating point values from MYSQL where interpreted as integers because the Dutch locale wants a comma (,) instead of a point (.) before the decimals. I tried printf, number_format, floatval.... all to no avail. 1.50 was always printed as 1.00 :(

When I set my locale to :

setlocale (LC_TIME, "Dutch");

my weekdays are good now and my floating point values too.

I hope I can save some people the trouble of figuring this out by themselves.

Rob

russ at eatmymonkeydust dot com ¶

10 years ago

If you are looking for a getlocale() function simply pass 0 (zero) as the second parameter to setlocale().

Beware though if you use the category LC_ALL and some of the locales differ as a string containing all the locales is returned:

echo setlocale(LC_ALL, 0);// LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=C;LC_COLLATE=C;LC_MONETARY=C;LC_MESSAGES=C;LC_PAPER=C;LC_NAME=C;
// LC_ADDRESS=C;LC_TELEPHONE=C;LC_MEASUREMENT=C;LC_IDENTIFICATION=Cecho setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 0);// en_US.UTF-8setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF-8");
echo setlocale(LC_ALL, 0);// en_US.UTF-8?>

If you are looking to store and reset the locales you could do something like this:

$originalLocales

epistomai at gmail dot com ¶

3 years ago

setlocale(LC_MONETARY, 'en_US') doesn't work anymore (at least in PHP Version 7.3.8).

I've used 'en_US.UTF-8' instead

Shashakhmetov Talgat ¶

6 years ago

//Fix encoding for russian locale on windows
$locale = setlocale(LC_ALL, 'ru_RU.CP1251', 'rus_RUS.CP1251', 'Russian_Russia.1251');

function strftime_fix($format, $locale, $timestamp = time()){
    // Fix %e for windows
    if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) == 'WIN') {
        $format = preg_replace('#(?    }
    // convert
    $date_str = strftime($format, $timestamp);
    if (stripos($locale, "1251") !== false) {
      return iconv("windows-1251","utf-8", $date_str);
    } elseif (stripos($locale, "1252") !== false) {
      return iconv("windows-1252","utf-8", $date_str);
    } else {
      return $date_str;
    }
}

brice/axice/be ¶

13 years ago

Pay attention to the syntax.
- UTF8 without dash ('-')
- locale.codeset and not locale-codeset.

Stupid newbie error but worth knowing them when starting with gettext.

$codeset = "UTF8";  // warning ! not UTF-8 with dash '-'

        // for windows compatibility (e.g. xampp) : theses 3 lines are useless for linux systems

Kari Sderholm aka Haprog ¶

13 years ago

It took me a while to figure out how to get a Finnish locale correctly set on Ubuntu Server with Apache2 and PHP5.

At first the output for "locale -a" was this:
C
en_US.utf8
POSIX

I had to install a finnish language pack with
"sudo apt-get install language-pack-fi-base"

Now the output for "locale -a" is:
C
en_US.utf8
fi_FI.utf8
POSIX

The last thing you need to do after installing the correct language pack is restart Apache with "sudo apache2ctl restart". The locale "fi_FI.utf8" can then be used in PHP5 after restarting Apache.

For setting Finnish timezone and locale in PHP use:
date_default_timezone_set('Europe/Helsinki');
setlocale(LC_ALL, array('fi_FI.UTF-8','fi_FI@euro','fi_FI','finnish'));
?>

pigmeu at pigmeu dot net ¶

17 years ago

!!WARNING!!

The "locale" always depend on the server configuration.

i.e.:
When trying to use "pt_BR" on some servers you will ALWAYS get false. Even with other languages.

The locale string need to be supported by the server. Sometimes there are diferents charsets for a language, like "pt_BR.utf-8" and "pt_BR.iso-8859-1", but there is no support for a _standard_ "pt_BR".

This problem occours in Windows platform too. Here you need to call "portuguese" or "spanish" or "german" or...

Maybe the only way to try to get success calling the function setlocale() is:
setlocale(LC_ALL, "pt_BR", "pt_BR.iso-8859-1", "pt_BR.utf-8", "portuguese", ...);

But NEVER trust on that when making functions like date conversions or number formating. The best way to make sure you are doing the right thing, is using the default "en_US" or "en_UK", by not calling the setlocale() function. Or, make sure that your server support the lang you want to use, with some tests.

Remember that: Using the default locale setings is the best way to "talk" with other applications, like dbs or rpc servers, too.

[]s

Pigmeu

jose dot nobile at gmail dot com ¶

7 years ago

For Windows users complaining about setlocale.

The locale argument to the setlocale function takes the following form:
setlocale( LC_ALL, "_." );

in short, if you  want use for example: es_CO.UTF-8 it must be in Windows: Spanish_Colombia.1252

The code page 1252 is ISO-8859-1 (windows-1252    ANSI Latin 1; Western European (Windows)

Windows use different languages code from Unix, for example, es_CO becomes es-CO or Spanish_Colombia, also it doesn't support UTF-8 charset as is shown in their website: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/x99tb11d(v=vs.140).aspx

"The set of available locale names, languages, country/region codes, and code pages includes all those supported by the Windows NLS API except code pages that require more than two bytes per character, such as UTF-7 and UTF-8. If you provide a code page value of UTF-7 or UTF-8, setlocale will fail, returning NULL."

Please check the updated website of language and code pages:

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/39cwe7zf(v=vs.140).aspx
and
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us//goglobal/bb895996

Here a copy paste in case the link is removed:

Afrikaans
Albanian
Arabic_Saudi_Arabia
Arabic_Iraq
Arabic_Egypt
Arabic_Libya
Arabic_Algeria
Arabic_Morocco
Arabic_Tunisia
Arabic_Oman
Arabic_Yemen
Arabic_Syria
Arabic_Jordan
Arabic_Lebanon
Arabic_Kuwait
Arabic_UAE
Arabic_Bahrain
Arabic_Qatar
Armenian
Azeri_Latin
Azeri_Cyrillic
Basque
Belarusian
Bengali_India
Bosnian_Latin
Bulgarian
Catalan
Chinese_Taiwan
Chinese_PRC
Chinese_Hong_Kong
Chinese_Singapore
Chinese_Macau
Croatian
Croatian_Bosnia_Herzegovina
Czech
Danish
Divehi
Dutch_Standard
Dutch_Belgian
English_United_States
English_United_Kingdom
English_Australian
English_Canadian
English_New_Zealand
English_Ireland
English_South_Africa
English_Jamaica
English_Caribbean
English_Belize
English_Trinidad
English_Zimbabwe
English_Philippines
Estonian
Faeroese
Farsi
Finnish
French_Standard
French_Belgian
French_Canadian
French_Swiss
French_Luxembourg
French_Monaco
Georgian
Galician
German_Standard
German_Swiss
German_Austrian
German_Luxembourg
German_Liechtenstein
Greek
Gujarati
Hebrew
Hindi
Hungarian
Icelandic
Indonesian
Italian_Standard
Italian_Swiss
Japanese
Kannada
Kazakh
Konkani
Korean
Kyrgyz
Latvian
Lithuanian
Macedonian
Malay_Malaysia
Malay_Brunei_Darussalam
Malayalam
Maltese
Maori
Marathi
Mongolian
Norwegian_Bokmal
Norwegian_Nynorsk
Polish
Portuguese_Brazilian
Portuguese_Standard
Punjabi
Quechua_Bolivia
Quechua_Ecuador
Quechua_Peru
Romanian
Russian
Sami_Inari
Sami_Lule_Norway
Sami_Lule_Sweden
Sami_Northern_Finland
Sami_Northern_Norway
Sami_Northern_Sweden
Sami_Skolt
Sami_Southern_Norway
Sami_Southern_Sweden
Sanskrit
Serbian_Latin
Serbian_Latin_Bosnia_Herzegovina
Serbian_Cyrillic
Serbian_Cyrillic_Bosnia_Herzegovina
Slovak
Slovenian
Spanish_Traditional_Sort
Spanish_Mexican
Spanish_Modern_Sort
Spanish_Guatemala
Spanish_Costa_Rica
Spanish_Panama
Spanish_Dominican_Republic
Spanish_Venezuela
Spanish_Colombia
Spanish_Peru
Spanish_Argentina
Spanish_Ecuador
Spanish_Chile
Spanish_Uruguay
Spanish_Paraguay
Spanish_Bolivia
Spanish_El_Salvador
Spanish_Honduras
Spanish_Nicaragua
Spanish_Puerto_Rico
Swahili
Swedish
Swedish_Finland
Syriac
Tamil
Tatar
Telugu
Thai
Tswana
Ukrainian
Turkish
Ukrainian
Urdu
Uzbek_Latin
Uzbek_Cyrillic
Vietnamese
Welsh
Xhosa
Zulu

The code pages identifiers:

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd317756(v=vs.85).aspx

Periklis ¶

15 years ago

In *some* Windows systems, setting LC_TIME only will not work, you must either set LC_ALL or both LC_CTYPE and LC_TIME. BUT if you have already set LC_TIME using setlocale earlier in the script, dates will not be affected! For example:
setlocale(LC_TIME, 'greek');
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'greek');
?>
will not work, while
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'greek');
setlocale(LC_TIME, 'greek');
?>
will do the job.

Sven K ¶

16 years ago

If your system doesn't show any installed locales by "locale -a", try installing them by "dpkg-reconfigure locales" (on debian).

Leigh Morresi ¶

13 years ago

Setting locale that is not supported by your system will result in some string operations returning a question mark "?" in your strings where it needs to perform transliteration.

1) Always check the return of setlocale() to ensure it has set to something supported

2) on Linux you can use the "locale -a" command to find a list of supported locales

RobQuist ¶

8 years ago

In addition to russ, about getting / backing up the locale:
I'm using this in unit-tests. I wanted to test something based on locale, and reset the locale after the tests were done.

Yet there were some errors;
* setlocale doesn't like strings anymore. You need to use constants.
* Some contants don't exist anymore.

Here's an updated piece of code:

$originalLocales = explode(";", setlocale(LC_ALL, 0));
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'nl_NL.UTF-8');//Do something here

//Recover to the default setting

Anonymous ¶

16 years ago

The example from bruno dot cenou at revues dot org below shows the possibility, but I want to spell it out: you can add charset info to setlocale.

Example:

Into my utf-8-encoded page I want to insert the name of the current month, which happens to be March, in German "März" - with umlaut. If you use

   setlocale(LC_TIME, 'de_DE');
   echo strftime("%B");

this will return "März", but that html-entity will look like this on a utf-8 page: "M?rz". Not what I want.

But if you use

   setlocale(LC_TIME, 'de_DE.UTF8');  // note the charset info !
   echo strftime("%B");

this returns "M√§rz", which, on utf-8, looks like it should: "März".

bryn AT lunarvis DOT com ¶

14 years ago

Posting this in the hope it might be useful to others, as I could find very little info anywhere. If you want to use a Welsh locale and have the suitable language support installed, you pass 'cym' (abbreviated form of Cymraeg) to setlocale:

setlocale(LC_TIME, 'cym');
$welsh= gmstrftime("%A, %B %Y - %H:%M",time());
echo $welsh;
?>

The above certainly applies to Windows systems, but should also apply to Unix if the required support is installed.

Cheers,

Bryn.

tomas dot hampl at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago

On Linux, setlocale() depends on the installed locales. To see which locales are available to PHP, run this from the terminal:

"locale -a"

Provided list are all locales that are available on your server for PHP to use. To add a new one, run

locale-gen (this may need sudo / root permissions), for example to add a Czech locale, run something like this:

"sudo locale-gen cs_CZ.utf8"

Then you can use this locale declaration:

setlocale(LC_ALL, 'cs_CZ.utf8');

divinity76 at gmail dot com ¶

2 months ago

if someone is looking for a getlocale(),

if(!function_exists("getlocale")){
    function getlocale(int $category)/*:string|false*/{
        return setlocale($category, 0);
    }
}
?>

birkholz at web dot de ¶

17 years ago

When i tried to get the current locale (e.g. after i set the lang to german with setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE'); ), the following did not work on my suse linux 9.0-box:
$currentLocale = setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL);
This code did a reset to the server-setting.

$currentLocale = setlocale(LC_ALL, 0); works perfectly for me, but the manual says NULL and 0 are equal in this case, but NULL seems to act like "".

lingureanumanuel at yahoo dot com ¶

7 months ago

for windows

setlocale(LC_ALL, 'Greenlandic_Greenland.1252');
will return false

to make it work use
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'Kalaallisut_Greenland.1252');

mk at totu dot com ¶

18 years ago

Be carefull - setting a locale which uses commas instead of dots in numbers may cause a mysql db not to understand the query:
setlocale(LC_ALL,"pl");
$price = 1234 / 100; // now the price looks like 12,34
$query = mysql_query("SELECT Id FROM table WHERE price='".$price."'");
?>
Even if there is a price 12.34 - nothing will be found

Un_passant ¶

13 years ago

For debian/ubuntu, don't forget the charset UFT8.

// Works on Ubuntu 8.04 Server
setlocale(LC_TIME, 'fr_FR.UTF8', 'fr.UTF8', 'fr_FR.UTF-8', 'fr.UTF-8');

tim dot peters at live dot com ¶

3 years ago

Maybe obvious, but I would expect that setlocale constantes (LC_*) would be bitwise, but they're not.

In example, doing this:

    setlocale(LC_TIME + LC_COLLATE, 'nl');

    echo

stepdate at gmail dot com ¶

4 years ago

If you have Locales installed and things won't work check the spelling: for German all the comments suggested "setlocale(LC_TIME, "de_DE.utf8")", but it has to be "setlocale(LC_TIME, "de_DE.UTF-8")"-> UTF-8 instead of utf8.

internationalist ¶

6 years ago

My script runs a loop that changes the locale (multilingual application). I've noticed that on some random occasion the locale still hasn't changed despite the setlocale() function being executed a step earlier. I had to add wait time for this condition. Interestingly enough, this was the case only with the 'nl_NL.UTF8' locale.

//some code
$this->counter = 0;
// some code
$this->locale = 'nl_NL.UTF8';
setlocale(LC_ALL, $this->locale);
    $this->counter++;
    if ($this->locale !== setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 0)) { // Locale not changed yet.
      if ($this->counter > 10) {
        return;
      }
      sleep(1);
    }
// some code
?>

aaaaa976 at gmail dot com ¶

7 years ago

In Windows some times setlocale don't work, it return a empty array, buts the locale is set. I found that apache start before windows "load" locales, you must restart apache to solve this.

phcorp ¶

11 years ago

To find the locale of a Unix system:
('locale -a') ?>

leif at neland dot dk ¶

12 years ago

Regarding dash'es in locale, it appears they should be omitted entirely.

In /etc/locale.gen I have

da_DK.ISO-8859-15 ISO-8859-15

but locale -a gives

da_DK.iso885915

which is the format setlocale()  wants.

(Debian)

michal dot kocarek at brainbox dot cz ¶

14 years ago

Note about using UTF-8 locale charset on Windows systems:

According to MSDN, Windows setlocale()'s implementation does not support UTF-8 encoding.

Citation from "MSDN setlocale, _wsetlocale" page (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/x99tb11d.aspx):
The set of available languages, country/region codes, and code pages includes all those supported by the Win32 NLS API except code pages that require more than two bytes per character, such as UTF-7 and UTF-8. If you provide a code page like UTF-7 or UTF-8, setlocale will fail, returning NULL.

So basically, code like
(LC_ALL, 'Czech_Czech Republic.65001'); // 65001 is UTF-8 codepage ?>
does not work on Windows at all.

(written in time of PHP 5.2.4)

szepeshazi at gmail dot com ¶

15 years ago

For those of you who are unfortunate enough (like me) to work in Windows environment, and try to set the locale to a language _and_ to UTF-8 charset, and were unable to do it, here is a workaround.

For example to output the date in hungarian with UTF-8 charset, this will work:

    $dateString = "%B %d., %A";
    setlocale(LC_ALL,'hungarian');
    $res=strftime($dateString);
    echo(iconv('ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', $res));

If anybody knows how to set the locale on Windows to the equivalent of "hu_HU.UTF-8" on unix, please do tell me.

garygendron at yahoo dot com ¶

12 years ago

For a php Mysql query, you could also use, for french canadian, in this example :

$query = 'SET lc_time_names = "fr_CA"';
$result = mysql_query($query) or die("Query failed");

$query = 'SELECT @@lc_time_names';
$result = mysql_query($query) or die("Query failed");

$query = 'SELECT id, created, YEAR(created) as year, MONTH(created) as month,' .
' CONCAT_WS(" ", MONTHNAME(created), YEAR(created)) as archive' .           
' FROM #__TABLE as e' .
' GROUP BY archive' .
' ORDER BY id DESC';

Your data will be displayed in any locale setting you want. You may even $_GET[lc_time_name] from your multilanguage website.

mvanbaak ¶

15 years ago

To complement Sven K's tip about debian:

You can also install the package locales-all
That one holds all the locales there are in compiled form.

ostapk ¶

14 years ago

There is a new PECL extension under development called intl (it will be available in PHP5.3). Meanwhile all who rely on the setlocale() and friends should be aware about the limitations of them as covered in this post on the onPHP5.com blog: http://www.onphp5.com/article/22