Which of the following most accurately explains the increase in the scale and destructiveness of European warfare in the twentieth century quizlet?

-WWII more of total war than WWI. Fighting was widespread and economic mobilization was more extensive [also mobilization of women]. Number of civilians killed was higher: around 20 million died from bombing raids, mass extermination policies + attacks by invading armies

-British mobilized resources better than their allies or Germany. Summer 1914: 55% of British were in armed forces or civilian "war work".
-gov. encourage "Dig for Victory" = campaign to increase food production. Fields normally were used for athletic events but now given to citizens to plant garden in "Grow Your Own Food" campaigns
-during war, British had much emphasis on a planned economy. 1942, gov. created a ministry for fuel + power to control coal industry. Also ministry for production to oversee supplies for armed forces

-for the shift to a war, Joseph Stalin created a system of "supercentralization" where he directed military/political affairs. All civil + military organizations under control of Communist Party + Soviet police
-initial defeats of Soviets emergency mobilization measures that affected civilian population.
-Soviet peasants asked to carry heavy burdens. Peasants furnished 60% of military forces but also expected to feed Red Army + Soviet people under trying conditions. German occupation in early months loss of 47% of country's grain producing regions
-total mobilization gave victory for Soviets. Stalin + Communist Party realized after start of German invasion that Soviets wouldn't fight for communist ideology. Instead, they were fight to preserve "Mother Russia"
-gov. propaganda increased patriotic feelings. In a speech on anniversary of Bolshevik Revolution November 1941, Stalin rallied Soviet people by speaking of country's past heroes including tsars of Imperial Russia

-home front in US was different from its allies b/c they had no threat of war on its own territory. Economy + labor was slow to mobilize, but eventually the US became an arsenal of Allied Powers.
-partial mobilization of American economy caused social problems. Construction of new factories created boomtown: thousands came to work but faced shortage of houses, health facilities, + schools
-dramatic expansion of small towns into large cities brought breakdown in traditional social mores, esp. in growth of teenage prostitution.
-presence of African Americans in areas where they hadn't lived before led to racial tensions + even racial riots.
-Japanese Americans treated shabbily. On W coast, 110K Japanese Americans [65% who were born in US] removed to camps, encircled by barbed wire + required to take loyalty oaths

-August 1914 Germans cheered for their soldiers in war. September 1939, streets quiet. Germans now uninterested, or even worse for Nazis, the people were expecting disaster
-to keep morale of the home front in first two years of war, Hitler refused to convert from production goods to armaments. "Blitzkrieg" let Germans win quick victories. Then after, they would plunder food + raw materials of their conquered lands. This way, it avoided diverting resources away from civilian resources
-after German defeats on Soviet front + American entry into war, economy changed. Early 1942, Hitler finally ordered increase in armaments production + size of army.
Hitler was scared that civilian morale problems would undermine home front so he refused any dramatic cuts in production of consumer goods
-total mobilization of economy didn't start until 1944 when schools, theaters, + cafes were closed

which of the following characterized mussolini's ideal of the fascist corporate state?

I. organization of the population into syndicates of employers, employees, and government arbitrators
II. establishment of semi autonomous regional governments
III. abolishment of strikes, lockouts, and older trade unions

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Which of the following best explains how this photograph from the Second World War quizlet?

Which of the following best explains why nationalist and ethnic conflict continued in Europe after the Second World War?

Which of the following most likely explains why Niebuhr chose to publish his article in a popular publication like Life magazine?

Which of the following most accurately describes a significant trend in witchcraft prosecution shown by the graph?