Bài tập may can could unit 6 lớp 8 violet năm 2024

Giải thích: Có 2 mệnh đề ở dạng chủ động “you must ... time” và “you use it” => dùng cấu trúc must be + Vp2, và mệnh đề thứ 2 đang ở thì hiện tại đơn => S + am/is/are + Vp2

3. The flowers should be kept in a warm sunny place.

(Những bông hoa nên được đặt ở nơi có nắng ấm.)

Giải thích: Cấu trúc should + be + Vp2

4. Your bill should be paid before you leave the hotel.

(Hóa đơn nên được thanh toán trước khi bạn rời khách sạn.)

Giải thích: Sử dụng cấu trúc should + be + Vp2

5. The information should be given to us now.

(Bây giờ thông tin nên được cung cấp cho chúng tôi.)

Giải thích: Sử dụng cấu trúc should + be + Vp2, give sth to sb: đưa cái gì cho ai

6. Toothpaste can be bought at the drugstore.

(Kem đánh răng có thể được mua ở hiệu thuốc.)

Giải thích: Sử dụng cấu trúc can + be + Vp2

7. Children should be warned not to speak to strangers.

(Trẻ em nên được cảnh báo không nói chuyện với người lạ.)

Giải thích: Sử dụng cấu trúc should + be + Vp2

8. The mystery can't be solved.

(Điều bí ẩn này không thể được giải đáp.)

Giải thích: Sử dụng cấu trúc can + be + Vp2

9. Travellers’ cheques can be exchanged at most banks.

(Séc du lịch có thể được đổi tại hầu hết các ngân hàng.)

Giải thích: Sử dụng cấu trúc can + be + Vp2

10. The news shouldn't be told to her. She might be killed by it.

(Tin tức này không nên được nói cho cô ấy biết. Cô ấy có thể bị giết bởi nó.)

Giải thích: Sử dụng cấu trúc shouldn’t + be + Vp2 và might + be + Vp2.

Grammar 2

Exercise 2: Complete the conversation with the suitable passive form of the verbs in brackets.

(Điền bài đối thoại với dạng bị động thích hợp của động từ trong ngoặc.)

Naomi: Dr. Kay. I’d like to ask how meals (1. will/prepare) ……….. in the Space Station ………food (2. be going to/cook)………..on board or taken in the form of tablets?

Dr. Kay: Neither. Gourmet meals (3. will/pre-package) ……………. on Earth then they (4. can/warm up)…………………on board.

Naomi: But the tourists will be from different parts of the world. How…………….food (5. should/choose) …………..to suit everyone’s taste?

Dr. Kay: An international menu (6. have to/offer)………………Food (7. could/select) ………..from food preference forms that tourists completed before the trip. And meals (8. ought to/make)…………….as pleasant as possible.

Lời giải chi tiết:

1. will be prepared 2. Is food going to be cooked 3. will be pre-packaged 4. can be warmed 5. should food be chosen 6. has to be offered 7. could be selected 8. ought to be made

Giải thích:

(1) sử dụng cấu trúc will be + Vp2

(2) Câu hỏi: Is + S + going to be Vp2

(3) cấu trúc will + be + Vp2

(4) can + be + Vp2

(5) câu hỏi: should S + be + Vp2

(6) cấu trúc: have to be + vp2

(7) could + be + Vp2

(8) ought to be + Vp2

Naomi: Dr. Kay. I’d like to ask how meals (1) will be prepared in the Space Station. (2) Is food going to be cooked on board or taken in the form of tablets?

(Bác sĩ Kay. Tôi muốn hỏi làm thế nào các bữa ăn sẽ được chuẩn bị trong Trạm vũ trụ. Thức ăn được nấu chín trên tàu hay uống dưới dạng thuốc viên?)

Dr. Kay: Neither. Gourmet meals (3) will be pre-packaged on Earth then they (4) can be warmed on board.

(Cả hai đều không phải. Bữa ăn ngon sẽ được đóng gói sẵn trên trái đất sau đó chúng có thể được hâm nóng lại trên tàu.)

Naomi: But the tourists will be from different parts of the world. How (5) should food be chosen to suit everyone’s taste?

(Nhưng du khách sẽ đến từ những nơi khác nhau trên thế giới. Thức ăn được lựa chọn như thế nào để phù hợp với khẩu vị của mọi người?)

Dr. Kay: An international menu (6) has to be offered Food (7) could be selected from food preference forms that tourists completed before the trip. And meals (8) ought to be made as pleasant as possible.

(Thực đơn quốc tế phải được cung cấp. Thực phẩm có thể được lựa chọn từ các hình thức ưu đãi thực phẩm mà khách du lịch hoàn thành trước chuyến đi. Và bữa ăn nên được thực hiện ngon nhất có thể.)

• 1. TRỢ 4 KĨ NĂNG TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - CÓ FILE NGHE (BẢN HS-GV) (Đang cập nhật) WORD VERSION | 2024 EDITION ORDER NOW / CHUYỂN GIAO QUA EMAIL [email protected] B À I T Ậ P B Ổ T R Ợ T I Ế N G A N H G L O B A L S U C C E S S Ths Nguyễn Thanh Tú eBook Collection Hỗ trợ trực tuyến Fb www.facebook.com/DayKemQuyNhon Mobi/Zalo 0905779594 vectorstock.com/7952556 Tài liệu chuẩn tham khảo Phát triển kênh bởi Ths Nguyễn Thanh Tú Đơn vị tài trợ / phát hành / chia sẻ học thuật : Nguyen Thanh Tu Group
• 2. 1: A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE A. VOCABULARY S T T WORDS/ PHRASES TRANSCRIPTION MEANING 1. Fit (a) fɪt Thon thả, vừa vặn 2. Fitness (n) ˈfɪtnəs Sự cân đối, tình trạng khoẻ mạnh 3. Healthy (a) > < unhealthy (a) ˈhelθi ʌnˈhelθi Khoẻ mạnh, lành mạnh >< không khoẻ mạnh, k tốt 4. Health (n) Health problem helθ helθ ˈprɒbləm Sức khoẻ Vấn đề về sức khoẻ 5. Fast food fɑːst fuːd Đồ ăn nhanh 6. Junk food ˈdʒʌŋk fuːd Đồ ăn vặt 7. Regular (a) > < irregular (a) ˈreɡjʊlə > < ɪˈreɡjʊlə Thường xuyên >< không thường xuyên 8. Balanced diet ˌbælənst ˈdaɪət Chế độ ăn uống cân bằng 9. Strength (n) Strenthen (v) = enhance (v) = boost Strong (a) streŋθ strenthen = ɪnˈhɑːns = buːst … strɒŋ Sức mạnh Đẩy mạnh, thúc đẩy, tăng cường Khoẻ 10.Enthusiasm (n) Enthusiast (n) Enthusiastic (a) Enthusiastically (adv) ɪnˈθjuːzɪæzəm ɪnˈθjuːzɪæst ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪk ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪkl̩i Sự nhiệt tình Người hâm mộ Nhiệt tình Một cách nhiệt tình 11.Physical (a) Physical education Physics (n) Physicist (n) Physician (n) = doctor (n) ˈfɪzɪkl̩ ˈfɪzɪkl̩ˌedʒʊˈkeɪʃn̩ ˈfɪzɪks ˈfɪzɪsɪst fɪˈzɪʃn̩ = ˈdɒktə Thuộc về thể chất Giáo dục thể chất Vật lý Nhà vật lý học Bác sĩ 12.Mental (a) ˈmentl̩ Thuộc về tinh thần 13.Frequent (a) Frequently (adv) Frequency (n) frɪˈkwent ˈfriːkwəntli adv ˈfriːkwənsi Thường xuyên (a) Thường xuyên (adv) Sự thường xuyên 14.The amount OF + Nkđđ The number OF + N s/ es The quantity OF + Nkđđ/Ns/ es ði əˈmaʊnt əv ðə ˈnʌmbər əv ðə ˈkwɒntɪti əv Lượng + danh từ không đếm được Số lượng + + danh từ không đếm được Lượng, số lượng + danh từ 15.Lifestyle (n) ˈlaɪfstaɪl Phong cách sống (n) 16.Celebrate (v) Celebration (n) Celebrated (a) = famous (a) = well-known (a) Celebrity (n) = famous people ˈselɪbreɪt ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn̩ ˈselɪbreɪtɪd = ˈfeɪməs = ˈwel nəʊn sɪˈlebrɪti = ˈfeɪməs ˈpiːpl̩ Tổ chức kỉ niệm Lễ kỉ niệm, ăn mừng Nổi tiếng Người nổi tiếng
• 3. (v) = cure (v) + sb FOR st Treat sb WITH st Treat st WITH st = process (v) Treatment (n) = cure (n) triːt = ˈkjʊər triːt triːt = ˈprəʊses ˈtriːtmənt = kjʊə Điều trị cho ai bị bệnh gì Đối xử với ai = thái độ ntn Xử lý cái gì bằng … (chất hoá học) Sự điều trị 18.Muscle (n) ˈmʌsl̩ cơ bắp (n) 19.Examine (v) ɪɡˈzæmɪn kiểm tra (v) 20.Flesh (n) fleʃ thịt (n) 21.Movement (n) ˈmuːvmənt Sự di chuyển, phong trào 22.Injury (n) Injure (v) Injured (ad) ˈɪndʒəri ˈɪndʒə ˈɪndʒəd adj Vết thương, tình trạng bị thương (n) làm ai bị thương (v) bị thương (adj) 23.Life expectancy = life span = longevity (n) life ɪkˈspektənsi = laif spæn = lɒnˈdʒevəti Tuổi thọ 24.Generally = in general = on the whole = by and large >< particularly = in particular ˈdʒenr̩əli = ɪn ˈdʒenr̩əl = ˈɒn ðə ˈhəʊl = ˈbaɪ ənd lɑːdʒ pəˈtɪkjʊləli = ɪn pəˈtɪkjʊlə Nói chung Nói riêng, cụ thể 25.Possible (a) = probable (a) = likely (a) ˈpɒsəbl̩= ˈprɒbəbl̩= ˈlaɪkli Có thể 26.Lifestyle (n) ˈlaɪfstaɪl Phong cách sống (n) 27.Food label fuːd ˈleɪbl̩ Nhãn dán thực phẩm 28.Ingredient (n) ɪnˈɡridiənt Nguyên liệu (nấu ăn) Thành phần (thuốc, bánh kẹo …) 29.Nutrient (n) Nutrition (n) Nutrious (a) ˈnjuːtrɪənt njuːˈtrɪʃn̩ nutrious Chất dinh dưỡng Chế độ dinh dưỡng, khoa dinh dưỡng Giàu dinh dưỡng 30.Mineral (n) ˈmɪnərəl Khoáng chất 31.Furthermore = Moreover = In addition=Besides ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː = mɔːˈrəʊvə Hơn nữa 32.Active (a) >< inactive (a) ~ passive ˈæktɪv ɪnˈæktɪv ~ ˈpæsɪv Năng động >< thụ động, bị động 33.Slowly (adv) >< quickly = rapidly = speedily = fast ˈsləʊli chậm >< nhanh 34.Repetitive (a) Repeat (v) Repetition (n) rɪˈpetətɪv rɪˈpiːt ˌrepɪˈtɪʃn̩ lặp đi lặp lại (a) nhắc lại sự lặp lại 35.Electronic device ˌɪlekˈtrɒnɪk dɪˈvaɪs Thiết bị điện tử 36.Energy drink ˈenədʒi drɪŋk Nước uống tăng lực 37.Article (n) ˈɑːtɪkl̩ Bài báo, mạo từ 38.Diagram (n) ˈdaɪəɡræm Sơ đồ, biểu đồ 39.Complete (v) kəmˈpliːt Hoàn thành
• 4. (a) Hoàn hảo, trọn vẹn 40.Instruction (n) ɪnˈstrʌkʃn̩ Sự hướng dẫn 41.Instruct (v) ɪnˈstrʌkt Hướng dẫn 42.Routine (n) ruːˈtiːn Thói quen 43.Proper (a) (dress/ behave) + properly (adv) ˈprɒpə ˈdres bɪˈheɪv + ˈprɒpəli Phù hợp (ăn mặc/ cư xử) một cách phù hợp 44.Spread – spread – spread ˈspred – ˈspred – spred Lan rộng, lan tràn, dãn ra 45.Position (n) pəˈzɪʃn̩ Vị trí 46.Develop (v) Development (n) dɪˈveləp dɪˈveləpmənt Phát triển Sự phát triển 47.Replace (v) rɪˈpleɪs Thay thế 48.Bone (n) bəʊn Xương 49.Sugar (n) ˈʃʊɡə Đường 50.Yoghurt (n) ˈjɒɡət Sữa chua 51.Butter (n) ˈbʌtə Bơ 52.Take turn ˈteɪk tɜːn Thay nhau làm gì, lần lượt, luân phiên 53.Demontrate (V) = illustrate (v) Demonstration (n) = illustration (n) emənˈstreɪt= ˈɪləstreɪt ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn̩ = ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn̩ Minh hoạ Sự minh hoạ 54.Contain (v) Container (n) kənˈteɪn kənˈteɪnə Chứa, đựng Đồ chứa 55.Recipe (n) Cuisine (n) ˈresəpi kwɪˈziːn Công thức nấu ăn ẩm thực 56.Return st rɪˈtɜːn seɪnt Mang trả lại cái gì 57.Accept to V >< refuse to V əkˈsept tu viː ˈrefju:s tu viː Chấp nhận làm gì Từ chối làm gì 58.(Dress) formally (adv) (Dress) informally (adv) ˈdres ˈfɔːml̩i adv ˈdres ɪnˈfɔːməli adv (ăn mặc) một cách trang trọng (ăn mặc) không trang trọng 59.Treadmill (n) ˈtredmɪl Máy chạy bộ 60.A bacterium (n) ⇨ Bacteria (pl.n) ə bækˈtɪəriəm bækˈtɪəriə 1 vi khuẩn Nhiều vi khuẩn 61.Disease (n) = ailment (n) Illness (n) = sickness (n) dɪˈziːz = ˈeɪlmənt ˈɪlnəs = ˈsɪknəs Bệnh tật, sự ốm yếu 62.Living organism = Living creature ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈɔːɡənɪzəm = ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈkriːtʃə Sinh vật sống 63.Infect (v) Infectious (a) = contagious (a) = communicable (a) Infection (n) = contagion (n) ɪnˈfekt ɪnˈfekʃəs = kənˈteɪdʒəs = kəˈmjuːnɪkəbl̩ ɪnˈfekʃn̩ = kənˈteɪdʒən Lây nhiễm, lây lan Truyền nhiễm (a) Sự lây nhiễm 64.Food poisoning fuːd ˈpɔɪzn̩ɪŋ Ngộ độc thực phẩm
• 5. (n) ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪks Kháng sinh 66.Tiny (a) >< huge (a) ˈtaɪni hjuːdʒ Nhỏ >< lớn 67.Germ (n) # gem (n) dʒɜːm # dʒem Mầm bệnh # đá quý, viên ngọc 68.Cause (v) = lead TO = result IN = bring ABOUT kɔːz = led tu = rɪˈzʌlt ɪn = brɪŋ əˈbaʊt Gây ra, dẫn đến 69.A wide range OF ə ˌwaɪd reɪndʒ ɒv Nhiều, phạm vi rộng 70.Common (a) >< uncommon (a) ˈkɒmən ʌnˈkɒmən Thông thường >< không phổ biến 71.Serious (a) = severe (a) ˈsɪərɪəs = sɪˈvɪə Nghiêm trọng 72.Cell (n) sel Tế bào ST T STRUCTURES & COLLOCATIONS & IDIOMS TRANSCRIPTION MEANING 1. Work out wɜrk Tập thể dục 2. Stay healthy steɪ ˈhɛlθi Sống khoẻ 3. Keep fit kip fɪt Giữ dáng 4. Give up ɡɪv ʌp Từ bỏ 5. Stay up steɪ ʌp Thức 6. Under the weather = off color >< in the pink ˈʌndər ðə ˈwɛðər = ɔf ˈkʌlər >< ɪn ðə pɪŋk Bị ốm >< Khoẻ mạnh 7. Stop + Ving Stop + to V stɑp Dừng/ ngừng hẳn/ từ bỏ việc gì đó Dừng lại để làm gì 8. Prefer sb/ st/ Ving TO sb/ st/ Ving = would prefer to V RATHER THAN V = would rather V THAN V prəˈfɜr = wəd prəˈfɜr = wəd ˈræðər Thích ai/ cái gì/ làm gì HƠN ai/ cái gì/ làm gì KHÁC Thích làm gì HƠN làm gì KHÁC Thích làm gì HƠN làm gì KHÁC 9. Be full OF ~ be crowded WITH ~ be packed WITH ~ filled WITH fʊl ʌv ~ ˈkraʊdəd ~ pækt ~ fɪld Đầy, nhiều … 10. S + spend + time/ money + Ving = It takes + sb + time/ money + to V ɛs spɛnd taɪm ˈmʌni = ɪt teɪks taɪm ˈmʌni Ai đó dành + thời gian/ tiền bạc vào việc gì = Ai đó mất bao nhiêu thời gian/ tiền vào việc gì 11. Take/ do/ get + exercises teɪk dʊ ɡɛt ˈɛksərˌsaɪzəz Tập thể dục 12. The key TO st ðə ki Chìa khoá/ giải pháp CHO việc gì 13. Visit + sb/st = pay a visit TO sb/st = pay sb/st a visit ˈvɪzət = peɪ ˈvɪzət ɛs = peɪ ˈvɪzət Thăm ai/ nơi nào 14. Be good FOR >< Be bad FOR # be good AT >< be bad AT ɡʊd >< bæd # ɡʊd æt >< bæd æt Tốt cho ai >< không tốt cho ai Giỏi về môn gì >< kém về môn gì 15. Enjoy + Ving ɛnˈʤɔɪ Thích làm gì 16. Suffer FROM ˈsʌfər Chịu đựng điều gì/ bệnh gì
• 6. Look AT lʊk æt Nhìn 18. Pay attention TO = take notice OF = focus ON = Concentrate ON peɪ əˈtɛnʃən = teɪk ˈnoʊtəs ʌv = ˈfoʊkəs ɑn = ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɑn Chú ý Tập trung 19. Avoid Ving əˈvɔɪd Tránh làm gì 20. Remember to V Remember Ving rɪˈmɛmbər Nhớ phải làm gì Nhớ đã làm gì trong quá khứ 21. Forget to V Forget VING fərˈɡɛt Quên phải làm gì Quên đã làm gì trong quá khứ 22. Give OFF = emit (v) + (light/ gas …) >< tak IN = absorb (v) ɡɪv ɔf = ɪˈmɪt (laɪt ɡæs …) >< tæk ɪn = əbˈzɔrb Thải ra, phát ra Hấp thụ, thẩm thấu, tiếp thu 23. Prevent sb FROM Ving prɪˈvɛnt Ngăn cản ai làm gì 24. Fall asleep # feel sleepy fɔl əˈslip # fil ˈslipi Ngủ thiếp đi Cảm thấy buồn ngủ 25. Try + to V Try + Ving/ st traɪ Cố gắng làm gì Thử làm gì/ thử cái gì 26. Give instruction ɡɪv ɪnˈstrʌkʃən Đưa ra sự hướng dẫn 27. Do star jumps dʊ stɑr ʤʌmps Nhảy sao 28. Do squats dʊ skwɑts Tập squats 29. Run on the spot rʌn ɑn ðə spɑt Chạy tại chỗ 30. Cut down on = reduce (v) = decrease (v) + O S + reduce/ decrease/ decline/ go down (không có O) kʌt daʊn ɑn = rəˈdus = ˈdiˌkris ɛs rəˈdus ˈdiˌkris dɪˈklaɪn ɡoʊ daʊn Làm giảm cái gì Chủ ngữ + giảm (không có tân ngữ phía sau) 31. Help sb V/ to V = assist (v) Help sb with st hɛlp = əˈsɪst Giúp đỡ ai làm gì Giúp đỡ ai việc gì 32. Bring sb with st brɪŋ Mang theo cái gì 33. How about/ What about + Ving = Let’s V …? = Shall we V …? = Why don’t we V …? haʊ əˈbaʊt wɑt əˈbaʊt = lɛts = ʃəl wi = waɪ doʊnt wi Thế còn làm việc này thì sao? Chúng ta hãy cùng …. … 34. Thank sb FOR st/ Ving θæŋk Cảm ơn ai vì điều gì 35. Lend sb st Borrow st FROM sb lɛnd ˈbɑˌroʊ Cho ai mượn cái gì Mượn cái gì từ ai 36. Suggest + Ving Suggest that S + should V səɡˈʤɛst səɡˈʤɛst ðət ɛs ʃʊd Đề xuất làm gì Đề xuất ai đó làm gì 37. Remind sb to V Remind sb OF sb/st/ Ving riˈmaɪnd riˈmaɪnd ʌv Nhắc nhở ai làm gì Gợi cho ai nhớ về ai/ điều gì 38. Be pleased WITH = be satisfied/ contented WITH plizd = ˈsætəˌsfaɪd kənˈtɛntəd Hài lòng với 39. Accept to V ækˈsɛpt Chấp nhận làm gì
• 7. refuse to V >< rɪˈfjuz Từ chối làm gì 40. (Dress) formally (adv) (Dress) informally (adv) (drɛs) ˈfɔrməli (drɛs) ɪnˈfɔrməli (ăn mặc) một cách trang trọng (ăn mặc) không trang trọng 41. (thank/ book) + in advance ɪn ədˈvæns (cảm ơn/ đặt … ) trước 42. Offer st TO sb Offer sb st ˈɔfər Cung cấp cái gì cho ai Cung cấp cho ai cái gì 43. Respond (v) TO st Response (n) TO st Responsive (a) TO st rɪˈspɑns rɪˈspɑnsɪv Đáp lại, phản hồi lại Sự phản hồi Phản hồi lại 44. Be different FROM = differ FROM >< Be similar TO ˈdɪfərənt = ˈdɪfər >< ˈsɪmələr Khác so với Giống với 45. Give sb a hand = do sb a favour = help sb ɡɪv hænd = dʊ fvour = hɛlp Giúp đỡ ai 46. Use st to V Use st FOR Ving juz Sử dụng cái gì để làm gì 47. get over = recover from ɡɛt ˈoʊvər = rɪˈkʌvər Vượt qua, Phục hồi 48. go off ɡoʊ ɔf Ôi thiu, bị hỏng 49. lie down laɪ daʊn Nằm xuống 50. put on (weight) pʊt ɑn (weɪt) Tăng cân 51. on a diet ɑn ˈdaɪət Ăn kiêng 52. Be addicted to əˈdɪktəd Nghiện 53. Be allergic to əˈlɜrʤɪk Dị ứng đối với 54. die from/of daɪ ʌv Chết vì bệnh gì 55. a cure for kjʊr phương pháp điều trị cho bệnh gì 56. a recipe for ˈrɛsəpi Cách nấu món gì B. GRAMMAR QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN & HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH 1. Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) A. Với động từ "to be": (+) S + was/ were + O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + O? B. Với động từ “to do”: (+) S + Ved + O (-) S + didn't + V + O (?) Did (not) + S + V + O? Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Điều tả hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong quá khứ. Ex: - I saw a movie yesterday. - Last year, I traveled to Japan. • Diễn tà một chuỗi các hành động liên tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ex: - I finished work, walked to the beach and found a nice place to swim.
• 8. Did you add flour, pour the milk and then add the eggs? C. Adverbs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) • Yesterday, ago, in + năm/ tháng trong quá khứ, last... D. Một số lưu ý đối với thi quá khứ đơn: • Quy tắc thêm “ed” với động từ thường: Hầu hết động từ được thêm "ed" để biến thành động từ dạng quá khứ. Ex: work - worked, visit - visited • Một vài động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm "y" thì biến "y" thành "i" rồi thêm "ed" để biến thành dạng động từ quá khứ. Ex: study - studied, carry - carried • Một vài động từ có dạng 1:1:1 (1 phụ âm + 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm) thì ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm "ed". Ex: plan - planned, fit - fitted * Cách phát âm đối với động từ có đuôi “ed”: Đúng nhất: Theo phiên âm quốc tế, khi -ED đứng sau các âm sau sẽ được phát âm như sau: Phát âm của -ED Các âm trước -ED /ɪd/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /p/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /s/ /t/ /θ/ /d/ Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại Mẹo vặt: (Không đúng 100%): sáng sớm xe sh chạy khắp phố phường s, x, ce, sh, ch, k, p, f Phát âm của -ED Các âm trước -ED /ɪd/ t d /t/ P x ce f ch sh *gh s *th ph k /d/ Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại Ex: /ɪd/ wanted, needed, demanded, suggested, mended, hated, visited, … /t/ walked, liked, stopped, raped, washed, watched, laughed, sentenced, rated, breathed, stated, looked, cooked, sniffed, missed, mixed.... /d/ played, studied, changed, matched, decreed, .... Note: • Khi *th phát âm là /θ/ thì -ed mới phát âm là /t/ như breathed, ... • Khi *th phát âm là /ð/ thì -ed có phát âm là /d/ như bathed, ... • Khi *gh phát âm là /f/ thi -ed phát âm là /t/ như laughed, coughed, .... • Khi *gh là âm câm thi -ed phát âm là /d/ như ploughed, ... • Khi *s phát âm là /z/ thì -ed thường được phát âm là /d/ như praised, chased, raised.... • Khi *s phát âm là /s/ thì -ed thường được phát âm là /t/ như: passed, increased, crossed … Ngoại lệ: - Một số tính từ sau có cách phát âm của -ed là /ɪd/: naked /'neɪkɪd/, learned /'lə:nɪd/, aged /eɪdʒɪd/, beloved /bɪ'lʌvɪd/, blessed /'blesɪd/, crooked /'krʊkɪd/, ragged /'ræɡɪd/, sacred /'seɪkrɪd/, wretched /'retʃɪd/,... - Phần ngoại lệ: Có một chữ có -ed tận cùng được phát âm là /əd/. Chữ đó là hundred /'hʌndrəd/ 2. Perfect present (Hiện tại hoàn thành) (+) S + have/ has Vpp…
• 9. S + haven’t/ hasn’t Vpp … (?) Have/ Has (not) + S + Vpp …? Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Điều tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc liên quan đến hiện tại Ex: - I have lost the key since yesterday • diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ. Ex: - I have seen this film several times • Diễn tả một kinh nghiệm cho tới thời điểm hiện tại (thường dùng trạng từ ever) Ex: - This is the most interesting film I have ever seen - I have read this book since 9a.m. Its ending is good - I have waited you for half an hour. Now I quit - I have never seen a prettier girl than her. - I have already finished my homework. - I have just come back from school. - I haven’t had a presentation yet. C. Adverbs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) - just= recently = lately: gần đây, vừa mới - already: đãrồi - ever: đã từng - never … before:chưa từng, không bao giờ - for+ khoảng thời gian: trong khoảng (for a year, for a long time, …) - since+ mốc thời gian: từ khi (since 1992, since june,...) - yet:chưa (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi) - so far = until now = up to now = up to the present:cho đến bây giờ - for/ over/ in/ during + the last/ past + few + days/ months/ years …: trong suốt những ngày/ tháng … qua C. EXERCISES Ex 1. Circle A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 1. A. healthy B. fitness C. strength D. mental 2. A. health B. enthusiasm C. strength D. without 3. A. muscle B. suffer C. yoghurt D. instruct 4. A. fresh B. diet C. flesh D. exercise 5. A. yoga B. fatty C. balance D. habit 6. A. changed B. stayed C. happened D. stopped 7. A. pieces B. muscles C. decades D. labels 8. A. ache B. chip C. choose D. cheese 9. A. flesh B. muscle C. sugar D. fish 10. A. ingredient B. nutrient C. vitamin D. mineral Ex 2. Circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. 11. A. healthy B. problem C. mental D. amount 12. A. lifestyle B. frequent C. injure D. balance 13. A. device B. treatment C. muscle D. movement
• 10. A. replace B. proper C. instruct D. routine 15. A. accept B. contain C. return D. treadmill 16. A. regular B. energy C. position D. diagram 17. A. infectious B. attention C. position D. demonstrate 18. A. asleep B. avoid C. formal D. remind 19. A. recipe B. informal C. mineral D. nutrient 20. A. offer B. provide C. advance D. respond Ex 3. Complete the following sentences using the present perfect forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. She___________________________(learn) English for three years. 2. I’m hungry. I_______________________________(not eat) anything since breakfast. 3. He never____________________________(drive) a car before. 4. We____________________________(know) each other since we were at high school. 5. Everything is going well. We____________________________(not have) any problem so far. 6. I_________________________(drink) four cups of coffee today. 7. John___________________________(live) in Denver since 2017. 8. - You ever___________________________(climb) Mount Everest? - No, I haven’t. But I’m sure I will, if I have a chance. 9. It is nice to see you again. We__________________________(not see) each other for a long time. 10. I___________________________(forget) my key. I can’t unlock the door now. 11. Eric is calling his girlfriend again. That is the third time he__________________________(call) her this evening. 12. The police__________________________(arrest) two men in connection with the robbery. 13. Susan really loves that film. She___________________________(see) it eight times! 14. You already____________________________(read) the book? What do you think? 15. I_____________________________(not go) to a zoo before. It is a nice feeling to go somewhere you never _____________________________ (be) before. 16. Over the past few years, Viet Nam _____________________________(become) one of the most popular destinations for foreign visitors in Southeast Asia 17. I ______________________ (not, sleep) well just lately. I don’t know how to keep balance between work and play. 18. As an avid traveler, I ______________________ (travel) to more than 30 countries and 4 continents up to now. Ex 4. Complete the following sentences using the past simple forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. People_________________(build) this school in 2001. 2. Last year, my father_________________(promise) to buy my sister a piano. 3. It_________________(be) very hot last summer. 4. I_________________(walk) home after the party last night. 5. The Chinese_________________(invent) printing. 6. Sam and I____________(play) tennis yesterday. He was much better than I was, so he _________(win) easily 7. My grandpa_________________(die) 30 years ago. 8. - You_________________(go) to the movies last night? - Yes, but it_________________(be) a mistake. The movie_________________(be) awful. 9. When I_________________(get) home last night, I_________________(be) very tired, so I _________________(go) straight to the bed 10. Diane_________________(use) to travel a lot. These days she doesn’t take many trips. 11. - When Joe and Carol_________________(meet) each other?
• 11. first_________________(meet) when they_________________(be) in high school. 12. When Sarah_________________(get) to the party last night, Eric had already gone home. 13. I_________________(ring) you up two days ago but I_________________(get) no answer. Where you ____________________(be)? 14. When I_________________(be) small, I often_________________(play) with a doll. Ex 5. Complete the following sentences using the past simple forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. When I was waiting for the bus, I ___________________ (see) my close friend 2. She________________________(study) English since she________________________(be) four years old 3. He________________________(see) 10 mice when he________________________(come) into the room. 4. When I was going to the door, the phone________________________(ring). 5. His health has improved since he________________________(return) from the hills. 6. It is the first time he________________________(drive) a car. 7. "__________ You__________(find) the key which you_______________(lose) yesterday?" "Yes. I__________ (find) it in the pocket of my other coat." 8. Sarah has lost passport again. It is the second time this________________________(happen). 9. When the alarm rang, Jack________________________(jump) out of bed quickly. 10. Yesterday, I ________________________(decide) to stop eating animal products to be a vegan. 11. It ___________________(be) my birthday last Sunday, so we _________ (meet) up with my friends for a pizza 12. She ______________________ (be) unwell since last week. She _________ (go) to the hospital three times. 13. I ______________________ (lose) my appetite for sugary food recently. Now I can only eat food with no sugar. 14. They ____________________(switch) to having one low-calorie meal for a few months 15. My brother ____________________ (not, write) his report yet. 16. This is the best book she ____________________(read) 17. Until now, the disease ____________________(kill) over thirty thousand people worldwide 18. My brother ____________________(not, finish) his exercise so far. Ex 6. Circle A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions 1. While we were having dinner at a restaurant someone came to the house and __________this note. A. left B. had left C. was left D. was leaving 2. She said she met you once at the Hilton last year. __________ since then? A. Have you met her B. Did you meet her C. Were you met her D. Had you met her 3. “How’s Peter doing?” “I don’t know. I __________ from him for months.” A. have to hear B. haven’t heard C. didn’t hear D. don’t hear 4. Their children __________ lots of new friends since they __________ to that town. A. have made - moved B. were making - have moved C. made - are moving D. made - have been moving 5. There __________ great changes in our village in the past few years. A. have been B. had been C. was D. has been 6. The noise from the trains __________ me terribly last night. A. was annoyed B. annoyed C. has annoyed D. had annoyed 7. After he had finished his English course, he __________ to England to continue his study. A. goes B. went C. has gone D. was going 8. When I __________ to visit her last night, she was having a bath. A. was coming B. came C. has come D. had come 9. John __________ in the same house since he left school.
• 12. lived B. had lived C. was living D. has lived 10. I had prepared dinner before I __________ to work. A. went B. was going C. had gone D. is going 11. When she came into the hall, she __________ her arms to the audience, smiled and bowed deeply. A. opened B. had opened C. was opening D. is opening 12. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I __________ to play it. A. try B. tried C. have tried D. am trying 13. When her husband was in the army, Mary __________ to him twice a week A. was writing B. wrote C. was written D. writes 14. Since Tom __________, I have heard nothing from him. A. had left B. left C. has left D. was left 15. These are the highest words of praise they __________ from the old man. A. ever heard B. have ever had C. had ever had D. will have ever heard Ex 7. Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in capitals 1. Many people are trying to adopt a ______________________ lifestyle these days. (HEALTH) 2. Stay healthy by eating well and exercising_____________________ (REGULAR) 3. Just taking vitamin tablets will not turn an ________________________diet into a good one. (HEALTH) 4. She stays so ______________ although she is 70 years old now (ACT) 5. A ______________ diet contains an adequate amount of all the nutrients required by the body to grow, remain healthy and be disease-free (BALANCE) 6. These exercises are a great way to increase ____________________ while maintaining flexibility.(STRONG) 7. Regular exercises are physical or mental activities that we do ______________ to stay healthy (FREQUENT) 8. Two motorists needed medical ____________________ following the accident. (TREAT) 9. Muscles are pieces of flesh in our body that allow the __________________ of our arms, legs, etc (MOVE) 10. As a result of the accident, several passengers suffered serious _______________________. (INJURE) 11. The doctor ____________________ her carefully, but could not find anything wrong. (EXAM) 12. Life ___________________ for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years (EXPECT) 13. The book opens with an ___________________ of why some food are not good for health. (EXPLAIN) 14. Plants draw minerals and other _____________________________ from the soil. (NUTRITIOUS) 15. He was so exhausted that he fell _________________________ at his desk. (SLEEP) 16. A special trainer has been brought in to work on the tennis player's _____________________. (FIT) 17. Raw meat and poultry may contain harmful _____________________________ (BACTERIUM). 18. The virus affects the body's immune system so that it cannot fight _____________________. (INFECT) 19. An ____________ is a substance, for example penicillin, that can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections (BIOTIC) 20. Food with a lot of sugar is not very good for your skin, so you should cut down on _____________ desserts and drinks. (SUGAR) Ex 8. Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in the box health diet habit avoid balanced treatment strength suffered examined muscles 1. I completely ___________________ eating cake. If I eat one piece, I’ll feel awful. 2. It's also important to eat a ___________________ diet with lots of fruits, vegetables, and protein 3. The chance of developing ___________________ problems is greater for individuals who are too fat or too thin. 4. At the hospital, the doctor had ___________________ David and diagnosed malaria
• 13. She is trying to lose weight through ___________________ and exercise. 6. The strategy is helping children develop the ___________________ of eating fruits and vegetables 7. Work out at home with simple weights or bands to build your ___________________. 8. Researchers are working to find a ___________________ for the disease. 9. The fitness program will help you maintain your ___________________ and endurance 10. Victims ___________________ from severe injuries in the accident. Ex 9. Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in the box label expectancy reduce ingredients nutrients electronic attention infectious regularly Injuries 1. Studies show that for each hour of regular exercise, people can gain two hours of additional life ______________ 2. Kim's mother reminded her to turn off her _________________ devices before going to bed 3. The doctors advised viewers to exercise __________________. 4. __________________ diseases, which are caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites, can be passed from person to person 5. A low-fat diet can _________________ the risk of heart disease. 6. Check the calorie levels and ingredients on the food _________________ before you eat 7. We need to pay _______________ to what we eat and the effects of food on our health. 8. A healthy diet should provide all your essential _______________. 9. All food products should carry a list of _________________ on the packet. 10. As a result of the accident, several passengers sustained serious head _________________. Ex 10. Fill in the blank with a suitable phrasal verbs work out stay up give up go on turn off give off get over go off cut down spread out 1. Jump with your feet apart and your arm _______________ 2. I'm trying to _______________ on fatty foods to have a healthy diet 3. I’ve got school tomorrow. I don't want to _____________________ late. 4. My brothers _______________ at a gym or swim twice a week. 5. My friends ________________ eating junk food and energy drinks 6. I'd love a dessert, but I want to ________________ a diet. 7. Please ________________ smarphones, laptops or tablets before you go to bed 8. Smarphone screens _________________ blue light which is harmful to our eyes 9. Yates is struggling to _________________ a serious knee injury. 10. Cream will ___________ very quickly if it is not kept in the fridge. Ex 11. Circle A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions 1. Don't forget to drink lots of water and stay __________ with plenty of exercise. A. inactive B. active C. awake D. still 2. If you want to have a long, healthy life, you need to exercise to have a good level of ___________ A. intelligence B. activities C. weight D. fitness 3. It's also important to eat a ___________ diet with lots of fruits, vegetables, and protein A. balanced B. unhealthy C. poor D. strict 4. Early morning sleep helps us prepare our mind which helps us manage our feelings and avoid ________ too stresseD.
• 14. get B. to get C. getting D. got 5. I prefer fruits and vegetables ___________ fast food and junk food A. of B. for C. than D. to 6. Just 15 minutes of daily ___________ can add three more years of life A. smoking B. reading C. routines D. exercise 7. However, you shouldn't drink coffee and green tea too much ___________ they can make it harder for you to sleep. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 8. She got enough sleep last night, so today she is full of ___________ A. exercise B. energy C. injuries D. stress 9. We spent a lot of time _________, doing the gardening and walking in the parks A. cooked B. cook C. cooking D. to cook 10. The office has a gym for those who like to ________ exercise in their lunch hour. A. take B. put C. make D. give 11. The key __________ a healthy body is diet and exercise A. for B. with C. to D. by 12. We should __________ healthy by eating well and exercising regularly. A. sound B. seem C. look D. stay 13. __________ fruit and vegetables form an important part of a healthy diet A. Raw B. Fresh C. Frozen D. Cooked 14. We ____________ our 25th wedding anniversary in Florence. A. celebrated B. memorized C. remembered D. organized 15. This exercise is designed to build the shoulder and back ________ A. skin B. bones C. flesh D. muscles 16. Increasing numbers of children are ___________ from mental health problems due to bad habits A. suffering B. recovering C. harming D. improving 17. _______ attention to your diet, exercise, sleep, and happiness, and you'll find yourself enjoying your 100th birthday! A. Put B. Take C. Pay D. Attract 18. Start following these five habits to add years to your life ___________. A. expect B. expectant C. expectation D. expectancy 19. Put away your electronic ___________, turn off the TV, and chill out on your bed or the sofa for 10-15 minutes before you try to go to sleep. A. mails B. books C. devices D. appliances 20. Coffee and green tea can help ___________ your risk of early death by 20 to 30%. A. promote B. reduce C. examine D. increase 21. I believe you need to decide if you want to focus on ___________ weights or improving your heart health A. lifting B. putting C. taking D. pulling 22. The doctor have just ___________ the patients and fortunately the treatment is working A. discharged B. suffered C. examined D. operated 23. 30 minutes is enough time to use social media because the screens of electronic devices _______ blue lights A. give up B. give off C. take in D. take up 24. I don’t cook well, so I just whip up some easy Vietnamese _______, such as: spring rolls or fried rice A. minerals B. nutritions C. recipes D. ingredients
• 15. I usually cook some simple Vietnamese dishes, whose ___________ are meat, onion, pepper, salt and sugar. A. minerals B. nutritions C. recipes D. ingredients 26. I think we need to eat a balanced diet because junk food has a lot of fat, which is harmful ___________ our health. A. for B. with C. to D. by 27. The last century's advances such as the discovery of ____________and vaccines have contributed to longer life. A. antibiotics B. natural remedies C. traditional therapies D. acupressure 28. While smoking and fast food consumption can increase the risk of obesity, doing regular ___________ activity can help people have a good shape. A. mental B. physical C. daily D. extracurricular 29. Sneezing is the most common way of spreading an ________. A. ignorance B. ache C. injury D. infection 30. All food products should carry a list of ________ on the packet. A. areas B. parts C. ingredients D. chemicals 31. The supermarket chain has promised to ________ on packaging. A. cut down B. cut off C. cut into D. cut by 32. The coronavirus is so _______ that all citizens in this city contract it. A. infection B. infected C. infectious D. infect 33. It’s not easy to give up_________. My uncle has tried_________ it lots of times without success. A. smoke/ to do B. to smoke/ doing C. smoking/ to do D. smoking/ doing Ex 12. Circle A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) 1. Old people have an active lifestyle and are cared for by their families A. independent B. simple C. energetic D. passive 2. You will become unhealthy if you eat too many snacks. A. harmful B. nutritious C. sick D. injured 3. Men often gather in the street and laugh with each other. This reduces their stress and risk of heart diseases. A. cut down on B. go down C. go up D. give up 4. The balance between work and life helps people to protect themselves from the negative effects of stress A. reasons B. impacts C. causes D. symptoms 5. Eating more fruits and vegetables, but less fatty foods can reduce the risk of serious diseases A. symptoms B. problems C. treatments D. ailments 6. Research shows that the food we eat can affect longevity. A. health B. protection C. length D. life span 7. We should consume healthy food such as brown rice, fresh fruit and vegetables. We should also eat more fish and less red meat. A. use B. eat C. purchase D. sell 8. In the 21st century, scientists continue to look for new ways to treat serious diseases and slow down the ageing process. A. prevent B. protect C. cure D. eliminate 9. The local government has organised routine health check-ups, created hundreds of walking trails for residents to exercise, and built hot springs for local people to recover from ill health.
• 16. get over B. give off C. give up D. go over 10. We should do exercise frequently and eat more fruits and vegetables to stay healthy A. rarely B. daily C. regularly D. immediately 11. I read an article on the Internet, which claimed you could increase your life expectancy if you ate brown rice, fruit and vegetables A. health B. protection C. length D. longevity 12. No effective treatment exists for this highly infectious disease A. cure B. problems C. method D. symptom 13. The doctor examined her carefully but could find nothing wrong. A. treated B. checked C. operated D. diagnosed 14. Please pay attention to what I'm about to tell you. A. take note of B. take advantage of C. concentrate on D. make use of 15. Avoid bad habits such as drinking too much coffee or teas. Furthermore, you should do more exercise A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. For example 16. The cell is the unit of which all living organisms are composed A. plants B. animals C. creatures D. immediately 17. An infectious disease can be passed easily from one person to another, especially through air or water A. serious B. contagious C. mental D. common 18. He died after suffering from a serious illness. A. severe B. common C. communicable D. curable 19. You ought to give up smoking to protect your health A. suffer B. reduce C. stop D. prevent 20. I noticed that you was looking a little under the weather. You coughed a lot A. sleepy B. unhappy C. healthy D. ill 21. She gave us some tips for keeping our skin healthy and preventing common skin problems. A. particular B. normal C. infrequent D. accepted 22. You should also exercise early in the morning when it's not too hot. A. have a rest B. do housework C. do homework D. work out 23. Lack of sleep can lead to many health problems. We should sleep seven to eight hours a night. A. prevent B. solve C. result from D. cause Ex 13. Circle A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) 1. Spending more time outdoors can boost the body's strength and ability to function well A. power B. health C. weakness D. injury 2. Getting enough sleep can reduce stress and improve your mood A. decrease B. relieve C. ease D. increase 3. Stress may weaken your immune system A. lengthen B. enlarge C. strengthen D. shorten 4. 30 minutes is enough time to use social media because the screens of electronic devices give off blue lights A. release B. absorb C. emit D. discharge 5. Many of these treatments and new developments have the potential to prolong and improve the quality of life. A. strengthen B. lengthen C. shorten D. widen 6. Even a tiny amount of food may trigger an allergic reaction. A. huge B. Therefore C. small D. For example
• 17. She looks like she's put on weight. A. gain B. lose C. maintain D. dress 8. The new drug will be generally available from January. A. in general B. practically C. mostly D. particularly 9. Most of us need to lead more balanced lives to be healthy and happy A. blue B. ill C. down D. upset 10. I noticed that you was looking a little under the weather. You coughed a lot A. as pale as a ghost B. green around the gills C. off color D. in the pink Ex 14. Circle A, B, C or D to indicate the words/ phrases that need correction 1. That house on the corner has been empty since the past few months A. on B. been C. since D. few months 2. Last month, cycling safety groups are planning to lobby for better facilities for cyclists. A. are B. to lobby C. facilities D. cyclists 3. The salt flavor of the fish combines well with the sweeter flavor of tomato sauce. A. salt B. combines C. with D. tomato 4. The two boys were playing loudly when their parents were arriving home from work. A. The B. loudly C. were arriving D. from 5. Premature babies are more likely to suffer to breathing difficulties in childhood. A. likely B. premature C. to D. childhood 6. The plants are an excellent source of vitamin and minerals. A. are B. vitamin C. minerals D. excellent 7. Two motorists needed hospital treat following the accident. A. motorists B. needed C. accident D. treat 8. A good gardener knows how to keep things growing healthy. A. healthy B. knows C. good D. keep 9. You need to make sure you eat enough meat and vegetables and avoid to eat too much added sugar A. to make sure B. enough C. to eat D. added 10. My grandmother keeps telling us that if we catch a cold, we should try natural remedies before drinking any medicine A. telling B. catch C. natural remedies D. drinking Ex 15. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition 1. I knew what food tasted good, but I didn’t know what was good _______________ my body 2. Sausages smell amazing and are full _______________ protein 3. Add nuts to your diet because They're rich _______________ protein, vitamins, and minerals 4. Too little sleep can lead _______________ many diseases. 5. The doctor advised Mr Wilson not to exercise too hard because it was bad_______________ his heart. 6. He was treated _______________ depression with medication prescribed by his doctor. 7. I work _______________ regularly to keep fit. 8. His wife finally persuaded him to give _______________ smoking. 9. Josh could stay _______________ all night without getting tired. 10. Her life always seemed full _______________ excitement with a healthy lifestyle 11. Proper planning is the key _______________ success. 12. Even today, most Americans prefer coffee _______________ tea. 13. I’ve been feeling a bit _______________ the weather this week.
• 18. She suffered _______________ depression for most of her adult life. 15. Pay particular attention _______________ the warnings printed on the food label. 16. When they die, plants give _______________ gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. 17. Further treatment will prevent cancer _______________ developing. 18. She does five minutes of running _______________ the spot to keep warm. 19. It took a long time to lose some weights, but I’m very pleased _______________ the results. 20. You need to make an appointment _________ advance before going to hospital 21. It can take weeks to get _________ an illness like that. 22. I'm going _________ a diet next week and hope to lose ten pounds before Christmas. 23. Researchers are working to find a cure _________ cancer 24. I like seafood dishes but unfortunately I'm allergic _________ them. 25. Put this meat back in the fridge or else it will go _________. BÀI TẬP LÀM THÊM 1. Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight ________ cancer. A. against B. on C. to D. about 2. You could see he was allergic ________ housework. A. by B. with C. to D. of 3. She was very pleased ________ her exam results. A. on B. for C. with D. to 4. A lot of people nowadays have become addicted ________ the internet. A. to B. at C. for D. on 5. The animals had died ________ starvation. A. on B. for C. of D. to 6. She spent many weeks in hospital recovering ________ her injuries. A. from B. on C. to D. with 7. You're in no ________ to go to work today. A. shape B. picture C. image D. painting 8. I'm going on a ________ next week and hope to lose ten pounds before Christmas. A. meal B. diet C. snack D. dessert 9. This could result in serious ________ or even death. A. wound B. injury C. ache D. hurt 10. That glass of lemonade is too ________ for me to drink without sugar. A. sweet B. bitter C. sour D. spicy 11. It is important to keep the different aspects of your life in ________. A. balance B. equality C. justice D. fairness 12. Katy Perry keeps __________ shape with the mushroom diet A. on B. at C. in D. to 13. Regular ________ reduces the risk of heart disease. A. overeating B. exercise C. operation D. recovery 14. They’re upset that you didn’t call, but they’ll ________ it. A. get off B. get over C. get up D. get on 15. This bacon smells a bit funny - do you think it's ________? A. cut off B. gone up C. gone off D. cut into 16. She looks like she's ________ weight.
• 19. put up B. put down C. put off D. put on 17. Modern farming methods can have an adverse effect on the environment. A. impacts B. balance C. injury D. benefit 18. It's taken me ages to get over the flu. A. fall B. recover from C. trip D. catch 19. Pollution from the works has been reduced by 70 per cent. A. ignored B. contained C. decreased D. increased 20. She was employed as a ________ in a hotel. A. cook B. cooker C. cooking D. cookery 21. His ________ records showed that he was unfit for work. A. meditation B. medicine C. medical D. medic 22. Sleep, rest and relaxation can _______________ the ageing process A. slow down B. speed up C. turn off D. turn on 23. Your body may not be able to fight ____________ naturally if your immune system is weakened A. infect B. infected C. infectious D. infection 11. My teenage son always wants to sleep ____________ on the weekends A. in B. on C. for D. up 12. Today I'm going to talk about how to take care ____________ your skin. A. of B. on C. for D. up 13. Mass media have helped to raise people's awareness ____________ lifestyle choices. A. of B. on C. for D. up 14. Good nutrition is essential if patients are to ____________ a quick recovery. A. do B. make C. put D. take 15. Red meat is high ____________ fat, which increases the risk of developing heart disease. A. of B. on C. for D. in 16. This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all ages. However, if it's not done properly, it can ____________ more harm than good A. do B. make C. put D. take Ex 16. Circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. 1. Linda and Peter are at the school gate, Linda: “ _______ ” Peter: “Sorry I can’t make it today. I’m quite busy.” A. Your parents must be proud of you. B. Come on, you can do better. C. How about going to the zoo? D. You must be kidding. 2. A: “Can I give you a hand?” B: “____________” A. That’s very kind of you B. You’re right. C. Sorry to hear that. D. I agree with you. 3. Lan: “Is there anything else I can do for you?” - Nam: “________” A. Good job B. You’re right. C. I’d love to D. Thank you, but I think I’m fine 4. Will: “Let’s me show you how to use this treadmill” – Mary: “_____________” A. My pleasure B. You’re right. C. Thank you for your help D. Never mind 5. Mark and Dave are talking about the vaccination programme.
• 20. “If vaccinated, people will be less prone to the virus.” Dave: “ _______. They can be reinfected with it.” A. You bet. B. Actually, you can be wrong. C. Sorry to hear that. D. I couldn’t agree with you more. 6. ~ Nam: What do you personally do to keep fit? ~ Lan: “………...” A. I think keeping fit is necessary for everyone. B. As far as I know, more and more people exercise to keep fit. C. Fitness centres are mushrooming. D. I just do morning exercise and maintain a balanced diet. 7. ~ Lan: Do you think it's important for young people to keep fit? ~ Nam: “………...” A. Why do they need to keep fit? B. It's very important for old-aged people to have a healthy lifestyle C. I do think so. As the main labour force of the country, they must be strong. D. It doesn't cost much to work out in the gym thesi 8. ~ Nam: Do you do any sports? ~ Lan: “………...” A. More and more people are talking about sports events these days. B. I used to, but now I don't I'm too busy. C. There are different types of sports. D. Sportsmen should be highly paid 9. ~ Lan: What do people do to keep fit? ~ Nam: “………...” A. Everyone wants to keep fit these days. B. So many people do harm to their health by smoking or drinking. C. They combine exercising and having a balanced diet. D. Not many people can afford to eat healthily. 10. ~ Nam: Do young people you know get enough exercise? ~ Lan: ________ A. Not really. They are a little bit lazy. B. Getting enough exercise is very important. C. They tend to eat too much junk food D. Fast food is the young people's favourite food 11. ~ Nam: What could we do to encourage them to exercise more? ~ Lan: “………...” A. Exercising in the morning is really encouraging. B. How about forming some sports clubs after school hours? C. Young people tend to exercise less than before. D. Lack of exercise will weaken your body. 12. ~ Nam: Do you think we are healthier today than people were fifty years ago? ~ Lan: “………...” A. People always want to live long and stay healthy. B. Life fifty years ago was much harder than nowadays. C. People in the past had to overcome lots of hardship. D. Not really. People nowadays live in a more polluted environment. 13. ~ Nam: What are the main health problems young people face? ~ Lan: “………...” A. There are so many health problems these days. B. Young people tend to eat a lot of convenience food C. Diabetes and obesity are the biggest threats to them. D. It is easy for young people to overcome their health problems. 14. ~ Nam: Do you think all medical care should be free? ~ Lan: “………...” A. I think it should be. People's life must be protected B. Medical equipment is very expensive.
• 21. Public schools are also free in many countries. D. Not all people can get access to free medical care. 15. ~ Nam: What is a healthy diet? ~ Lan: “………...” A. All people need to eat healthily. B. Healthy diets are getting more expensive. C. Fast food is not healthy food D. It must be a balanced, nutritious and healthy diet. 16. ~ Lan: In your opinion, do you have a healthy diet? ~ Nam: “………...” A. I prefer to cook my own meals. B. Sometimes I eat out with my family or my friends. C. In general, I do. I have a balanced and healthy diet. D. My friends eat a lot of fast fooc 17. ~ Lan: How many hours a day do you spend watching TV? ~ Nam: “………...” A. TV programmes are various. There are so many of them. B. Not much. Just about thirty minutes after dinner. C . My mother spends hours watching soap operas. D. Sports channel is my favourite. 18. ~ Lan: Do you ever eat junk food? ~ Nam: “………...” A. Sometimes I have a snack for my breakfast. B. Junk food is not nutritious enough. C. Junk food is also addictive. D. We should discourage children from eating junk food 19. ~ Nam: What exercise do you do? ~ Lan: “………...” A. I go jogging in the morning and aerobics in the afternoon.B. My teachers ask us to do so many exercises. C. I hate doing too much homework. D. Exercising is time-consuming. 20. ~ Lan: What could you do to make your lifestyle healthier? ~ Nam: “………...” A. People need a healthy lifestyle. B. I do need to exercise more. C. I don't care much about my diet. D. I prefer to eat out at the weekends Ex 17. Rewrite the following sentences as long as the meaning is unchanged S + last + VQKĐ + ……+ in …/ when …… / ago = S + (last) + haven’t/ hasn’t Vpp + …… + since …… / for ……. (bỏ last) Eg : - I last saw her when I was a student / 2 years ago. >I haven’t seen her since I was a student / for 2 years. 1. We last saw Tom when we moved to Bristol. We haven’t __________________________________________________________________ 2. She last wrote to me nearly 2 years ago. She hasn’t __________________________________________________________________ 3. This film was last shown on TV 10 years ago. This film hasn’t ____________________________________________________________________ 4. She last swam in the river 3 years ago. She hasn’t ________________________________________________________________________ 5. I last visited the city museum in May I hasn’t ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. I haven’t attended the club since 2021. I last _______________________________________________________________________ 7. I haven’t seen him for 2 months. I last _______________________________________________________________________ 8. I haven’t gone swimming for 2 years. I last
• 22. last time + S + VQKĐ + … + was in (at …) / was … ago S + haven’t/ hasn’t + Vpp … + since / for … Eg: The last time I heard him was in August. = I haven’t heard him since August. 1. The last time I played football was in 2022. I have __________________________________________________________________ 2. The last time it rained was a fortnight ago. It has __________________________________________________________________ 3. The last time Lucy wore that dress was at Barbara’s wedding. Lucy has __________________________________________________________________ 4. The last time my father went to Vung Tau was 2 years ago. My father has __________________________________________________________________ 5. The last time Betty rode to work was 5 days ago. Betty has __________________________________________________________________ 6. He hasn’t played tennis since 2020. The last time __________________________________________________________________ 7. I haven’t met her for 2 months. The last time __________________________________________________________________ S + started/ began + to V/ Ving+ … + in/at … / … + ago S+ have/ has Vpp + … + since + … / for + … (bỏ started / began) Eg: - He started working for this factory a year ago. > He has been working for this factory since last year / for a year. 1. Tom began playing the piano 4 years ago. Tom has __________________________________________________________________ 2. I started cooking for the party 4 hours ago. I have __________________________________________________________________ 3. She started working as a secretary 2 years ago. She __________________________________________________________________ 4. My sister began to study English a year ago. My sister __________________________________________________________________ 5. Scientists began to fight against AIDS in 1980. Scientists have __________________________________________________________________ 6. The Browns have lived in London for 20 years. The Browns began __________________________________________________________________ 7. John has worked for this electronics firm since 1999. John started __________________________________________________________________ 8. Jack and Jill have learned how to drive for 2 weeks.
• 23. and Jill started __________________________________________________________________ 9. How long have you studied English? When __________________________________________________________________ 10. When did you begin to do research on lung cancer? How long __________________________________________________________________ S + have/has never/ not + Vpp + … +before = It / This is the first time + S + have/ has + (ever) + Vpp + … (bỏ never, before) Eg: I haven’t seen that film before. >It / This is the first time I have seen that film. 1. My father hasn’t driven a car before. This is the first time . 2. I’ve never met such a famous singer before. It’s the first time . 3. She has never been to the ballet before. It’s . 4. She hasn’t drunk Coca Cola before. This is . 5. It’s the first time I have read this book I have ________________________________________________________- 6. It’s the first time I have ever met such an intelligent student I have ________________________________________________________- 7. This is the first time my grandfather has visited Ha Long Bay. My grandfather has . S + haven’t/ hasn’t Vpp …+ for + time It’s + time + since + S + last + VQKĐ + … (bỏ for) Eg: I haven’t seen my father for one month. > It’s one month since I last saw my father. 1. Tom has not had his hair cut for over 3 months. It’s __________________________________________________________________ 2. My father hasn’t gone to Hanoi for 2 years. It is __________________________________________________________________ 3. I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years. It is __________________________________________________________________ 4. I haven’t eaten this kind of food for 2 years. It is __________________________________________________________________ 5. We haven’t seen him for 4 years. It is __________________________________________________________________ 6. It’s over a year since I last went to see them. I haven’t . 7. It’s more than ten years since I last played football. I haven’t __________________________________________________________________
• 24. 18. Rewrite the following sentences as long as the meaning is unchanged 1. The last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago. → She hasn't ____________________________________________________________ 2. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago. → He has ____________________________________________________________ 3. I last had my hair cut in November. → I haven't ____________________________________________________________ 4. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago. → We haven't ____________________________________________________________ 5. It has been a long time since we last met. → We haven't ____________________________________________________________ 6. When did you have it? → How long ____________________________________________________________? 7. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal. → I have never ____________________________________________________________ 8. I haven't seen him for 8 days. → The last ____________________________________________________________ → I last ____________________________________________________________ 9. I like rock climbing more than swimming. → I prefer__________________________________________________________ 10. My sister thinks it’s better to buy books than borrow them. → My sister prefer __________________________________________________ 11. It took Layla five minutes to find her car keys. → Layla spent ________________________________________________________ 12. I spent ages getting all the documents I needed It took __________________________________________________________ 13. Why don’t we go camping this summer? How about ______________________________________________________ 14. It took her a long time to recover from her illness. OVER → It took her a long time ________________________________________her illness. Ex 19. Complete the following sentences as long as the meaning is unchanged 1. Children/ adolescent/ should/ eat/ sufficient/ nutritious/ foods/ grow/ develop normally. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Although/ eat/ breakfast/ dinner/ home/ students/ usually/ have/ lunch/ school. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Healthy lunches/ important/ for/ them/ because/ these/ help/ concentrate/ learning. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Some/ student/ usually/ have/ unhealthy lunch/ of/ fast food. ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. School aged/ children/ learn/ fast/ and/ be/ influenced/ friends. ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. If/ we/ not talk/ them/ about/ healthy eating/ they/ may/ only eat/ junk food. __________________________________________________________________________ 7. At home/ parents/ should/ encourage/ children/ prepare/ lunchboxes.
• 25. They/ should discuss/ healthier/ food choices/ and/ decide/ what/ be/ lunchbox/ with/ children. ___________________________________________________________________________ Ex 20. Listen to the recording and decide whether the following statements are true of false TRUE FALSE 1. The more exercise you do, the healthier you become. 2. Doing extensive workouts is too much of a good thing. 3. People may become addicted to high-intensity physical activity. 4. Over-exercising can be harmful to the body’s muscles, joints and heart. 5. You should consult with an instructor before starting a new exercise programme. Ex 21. Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. My name's John Keith and I've been a (1) ________________ instructor for more than ten years. Today I'd like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of (2) ________________ activity. Aerobic exercise seems very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your workout outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pause (3) ________________ to drink more. You should also exercise early in the morning when it's not too hot. Next is swimming. It's verv important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always test the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood (4) ________________ and heart rate go up. Make sure you have warmed up your body by stretching or jumping. Don't swim in bad weather, especially in rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, vou risk serious (5) ________________ or death. Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all ages. However, if it's not done (6) ________________, it can do more harm than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your (7) ________________ and prevent any damage to your joints. The last type of physical activity is fitness walking. First, you need good shoes to keep you (8) ________________ and pain-free. Next, when you walk, don't look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150 ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That's all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening. Ex 20. Read the following passage and Circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. HEALTH BENEFITS OF YOGA Yoga is a healthy lifestyle. One of the benefits of yoga is that you can choose a yoga style that is suitable for your lifestyle, such as hot yoga, power yoga, relaxation yoga, etc. If you are a yoga beginner, Hatha Yoga, which focuses on basic postures at a comfortable pace, would be great for you. If you want to increase strength through using more of your own body’s resistance, Power Yoga may be right for you. Whether you prefer you're at home, in a private session, watching a DVD or at a studio or gym, there are a huge variety of options available to suit your goals and needs.
• 26. flexibility is one of the first and most obvious benefits of yoga. During your first class, you probably won’t be able to touch your toes. But if you stick with it, you’ll notice a gradual loosening, and eventually, seemingly impossible poses will become possible. Each of the yoga poses is built to reinforce the muscles around the spine, the very center of your body, which is the core from which everything else operates. When the core is working properly, posture is improved, thus alleviating back, shoulder, and neck pain. Strong muscles do more than look good. They also protect us from conditions like arthritis and back pain, and help prevent falls in elderly people. And when you build strength through yoga, you balance it with flexibility. If you just went to the gym and lifted weights, you might build strength at the expense of flexibility. Yoga gets your blood flowing. More specifically, the relaxation exercises you learn in yoga can help your circulation, especially in your hands and feet. Yoga also gets more oxygen to your cells, which function better as a result. Twisting poses are thought to wring out venous blood from internal organs and allow oxygenated blood to flow in once the twist is released. Many studies found that a consistent yoga practice improved depression and led to greater levels of happiness and better immune function. 1. Yoga is a very convenient type of exercise because _______. A. we can watch a DVD at a studio or gym and follow it B. we can choose a yoga style that is suitable for our lifestyle C. we can choose Hatha Yoga to focus on basic postures or to increase strength D. there are a huge variety of options available for our private session 2. According to yoga’s principles, the spine is of great importance because _____ . A. when the spine is working properly, postures will become possible B. seemingly impossible poses will become possible C. it is the center of your body, from which other muscles operate D. we can avoid back, shoulder, and neck pain 3. In order to build strong muscles, _____. A. we build strength with high expenses at the gym B. we don’t pay any attention to our appearance C. we should reinforce the muscles around the spine D. we can have strength with flexibility through yoga 4. Yoga can improve our circulation because _______. A. it helps to provide more oxygen to cells or internal organs B. it helps us to perform twisting poses more easily C. we can have more relaxation exercises D. it helps to provide more blood to internal organs than others 5. The word “alleviating” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. keeping B. relieving C. worsening D. boosting Ex 21. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question. ACUPUNCTURE Acupuncture involves the insertion of very thin needles through the patient's skin at specific points on the body, and the needles are inserted to various depths. The medical community is not in conclusive agreement about how acupuncture works scientifically. However, we know that it does have some therapeutic benefits, including pain relief.
• 27. to WHO, acupuncture is effective for treating 28 conditions, while evidence indicates it may have an effective therapeutic value for many more. People with tension, headaches or migraines may find acupuncture to be very effective in alleviating their symptoms. Another study found that twice weekly acupuncture treatments relieve debilitating symptoms of zerostomia - severe dry mouth - among patients treated with head and neck cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine explains that health is the result of a harmonious balance of the complementary extremes of yin and yang of the life force known as chi or qi. Qi is said to flow through pathways in the human body. Through 350 acupuncture points in the body, these pathways and energy flows may be accessed. Illness is said to be the consequence of an imbalance of the forces. If needles are inserted into these points with appropriate combinations, it is said that the energy flow can be brought back into proper balance. In Western societies and several other parts of the world, acupuncture is explained, including concepts of neuroscience. Acupuncture points are seen by Western practitioners as places where nerves, muscles and connective tissue can be stimulated. Acupuncture practitioners say that the stimulation increases blood flow while at the same time triggering the activity of our own body's natural painkillers. 1. In acupuncture, the insertion of the very thin needles involve with______ . A. the thinness of needles and skin C. therapeutic benefits of pain relief B. agreement from scientists D. the locations, and the depths 2. It is thought that acupuncture is effective in treating all of the following symptoms EXCEPT ______. A. headaches B. cancer C. migraines D. nervousness 3. With the practice of acupuncture, it is believed that _______ . A. the energy flow can be brought back to patients B. energy can go through acupuncture points in the body C. patients can get proper balance between yin and yang D. illness causes the imbalance of qi throughout the body 4. According to Western medicine, the insertion of needles through acupuncture points in the body may ____. A. increase blood flow and stimulate our instinct of pain relief B. stimulate the effect of painkillers in our bodies for treatment C. be used only in China and the Far East not the Western countries D. help to explain where nerves and muscles can be stimulated 5. The word “triggering” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. causing a device to start operating C. causing something to explode B. making something happen suddenly D. making something develop very quickly Ex 22. Read the passage below and then choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) that fits best for the gap. Everyone knows that exercise is good for the body and the mind. We all want to keep fit and look good, but too many of us take (1) ___________ the wrong sport and quickly lose interest. So now fitness experts are advising people to choose an activity that matches their character. For instance, those (2)______________ like to be with other people often enjoy golf or squash, or playing for a basketball, football or hockey team. (3) _____________, you may prefer to go jogging or swimming if you’re happier on your own. Do you like competition? Then try something like running, or a racket sport such as tennis. If, on the other hand, (4) _____________isn’t important to you, then activities like dancing can be an enjoyable (5)______________ without the need to show you’re better than everyone else.
• 28. think about whether you find it easy to make yourself do exercise. If so, sports like weight training at home and cycling are fine. If not, book a skiing holiday, Taekwondo lessons, or a tennis court. You’re much more likely to do something you’ve already paid for! 1. A down B out C in D up 2. A who B whose C which D what 3. A therefore B thus C however D while 4. A winners B winning C win D won 5. A challenge B victory C defeat D Score Ex 23. Read the passage and decide if each sentence is true (T) or false (F) NORMAL DIET FOR ADOLESCENTS – 12 TO 18 YEARS OF AGE 1. Changing Food Habits Teenagers are often very busy with school, work, and sports schedules. Help your teenager plan his day if he cannot be home for meals. Send healthy snacks or packed lunches with him. This will help him avoid filling up on "junk" foods or high fat foods. They may need extra snacks to take with them or meals they can prepare quickly. Your teenager still learns from your healthy eating habits. Be an example and praise his good food choices whenever you can. Never criticise the way your child looks at this time of life. Teenagers can easily become too worried about their body image. If they are eating too much or too little, it can affect their growth. Talk with your doctor if you are worried about your teenager's eating habits. 2. Food Group Choices Give your teenager at least one serving per day of a high vitamin C food. Examples are citrus fruits and juices, tomatoes, potatoes, and green peppers. Your teenager also needs one serving per day of a high vitamin A food. This includes spinach, winter squash, carrots, or sweet potatoes. Choose lean meats, fish, and poultry foods for your teenager. They are a source of proteins young people need in the period of growth. Also, give your teenager 2% milk and low-fat dairy foods. Avoid fried foods and high fat desserts; serve them only on special occasions. This will lower his risk for heart disease when he is older. TRUE FALSE 1. Parents should help their busy teenage children with planning their day. 2. Healthy snacks contain a lot of high fat foods. 3. Teenagers are sensitive to the criticism of their appearance. 4. There are alot of vitamins in vegetables. 5. Fried foods and high fat desserts are very important in the developmental period of the youngsters. Ex 24. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question. America’s foods began to affect the rest of the world. American emphasis on convenient and rapid consumption is best represented in fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks. By the 1960s and 1970s fast foods became one of America’s strongest exports as franchises for Mc Donalds and Burger King spread through Europe and other parts of the world, including Russia and China. Traditional meals cooked at home and consumed at a leisurely pace _ gave way to quick lunches and dinners eaten on the run as other countries imitated American cultural patterns.
• 29. the late 20th century Americans had become more conscious of their diets, eating more poultry, fish and vegetables, and fewer eggs and less beef. Cooks began to rediscover many world cuisines in forms closer to their original. In California, chefs combined fresh fruits and vegetables available with ingredients and spices borrowed from immigrant kitchens to create an innovative cooking style that was lighter than traditional French, but more interesting and varied than typical American cuisine. Along with the states wines, California cuisine took its place among the acknowledged forms of fine dining. 56. Fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks ……… 1. Fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks A. are traditional meals of the US people. B. are popular because of their nutritious values. C. became more popular than meals cooked at home in China D. became popular with other European and Asian countries. 2. Which of the following is similar in meaning to the word cuisine? A. cooking B. style of cooking C. cookery D. cook 3. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. Americas cuisine used to have an influence on many countries. B. Fast foods became one of Americas strongest exports. C. Mc Donalds and Burger King are American food suppliers successful in Europe. D. Traditional meals cooked at home and consumed at a leisurely pace are not common in the US. 4. Which of the following statements is true? A. By the late 20th century, fast foods had lost their popularity in the USA B. Americans used to eat more poultry, fish, and fresh fruits and vegetables than they do now. C. Cooking styles of other countries began to affect Americas by the late 20th century. D. Fewer eggs and less beef in American diet made them fitter. 5. An innovative style of cooking was created in California A. to attract more immigrants to the state. B. and made the states wines well-known. C. by borrowing recipes from immigrant kitchens. D. by combining the local specialities with immigrants spices Ex 26. Read the following passage and Circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. HEALTHY LIVING Millions of people today are overweight and out of shape. This is due in part (1) ________their diet, which is often high in sugars and fats. Another (2) ________is that too many of us spend our evenings gluing (3) ________the television, instead of doing something to keep (4) ________fit. Today hectic lifestyles also prevent us (5) ________spending as much time as we should on staying in shape. Long hours at school and work don't (6) ________much time for healthy eating. Convenience food, such as (7) ________meals and canned vegetables, saves time but is often (8) ________.. . Fast food and takeaways are also (9) ________for many health problems. In order to enjoy good health, a regular programme of (10) ________ is essential. This can be anything from gentle forms of yoga (11) ________body building. Doing a little exercise every day so as not to develop (12) ________ problems is something that all of us should consider, young and old. If you don't practise any form of exercise now, it is for you to choose one and start today and get in shape! 1. A. of B. to C. in D. at
• 30. A. reason B. effect C. result D. consequence 3. A. in B. on C. to D. at 4. A. them B. themselves C. us D. ourselves 5. A. from B. against C. about D. with 6. A. take B. leave C. spend D. waste 7. A. freeze B. freezing C. frozen D. unfrozen 8. A. health care B. healthful C. healthy D. unhealthy 9. A. responsive B. reacted C. responsible D. irresponsible 10. A. exercises B. exercise C. homework D. housework 11. A. to B. but C. and D. with 12. A. healthy B. unhealthy C. health care D. health Ex 27. Read the following passage and Circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Super Size Me is a 2004 film by Morgan Spurlock, in which he documents his experiment to eat only McDonald's fast food three times a day, every day, for thirty days. Spurlock made himself a short list of rules for the experiment, including an obligation to eat all of the three meals he ordered. He also had to ‘Super Size’, which means accepting a giant portion every time the option was offered to him. He ended up vomiting after the first Super Size meal he finished, after taking nearly twenty minutes to consume it. After five days Spurlock put on almost 5kg, and he soon found himself feeling depressed, with no energy. The only thing that got rid of his headaches and made him feel better was another McDonald's meal, so his doctors told him he was addicted. More seriously, around day twenty, he started experiencing heart palpitations and one of the doctors detected liver problems. However, in spite of his doctor's advice, Spurlock continued to the end of the month and achieved a total weight gain of 11kg. His body mass index also increased from a healthy 23.2 to an overweight 27. It took Spurlock fifteen months to recover from his experiment and return to his original weight, but the film also had a wider impact. Just after its showing in 2004, McDonald's phased out the Super Size option and healthier options like salads appeared on the menu. Unfortunately, McDonald's denied the connection between the film and the changes, but it is interesting to note how closely they coincided with the release of the film. 1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. An experiment with McDonald's fast food B. Putting on weight due to eating fast food C. Connection between fast food and heart diseases D. How fast food trigger liver damage 2. Which of the following is TRUE about Morgan Spurlock? A. He had to eat Super Size meal once a week. B. He had to eat Super Size meal twice a day. C. He had to eat Super Size meal three times a week. D. He had to consume Super Size for three meals a day 3. In paragraph 2, the word "giant” is closest in meaning to........ A. light B. balanced C. big D. healthy 4. Which of the following could get rid of Spurlock's headaches? A. salad B. a McDonald's meal C. a pain killer D. nothing 5. According to the passage, all of the following are the results of the experiment EXCEPT......... A. Spurlock put on weight B. the experiment affected his heart C. the experiment affected his liver D. he became fairly relaxed and energetic 6. The word "its” in paragraph 4 refers to.........
• 31. McDonald's B. the experiment C. the film Super Size Me D. the menu Ex 28. Read the following passage and Circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. In 2002, several obese teenagers in the USA sued McDonald's, claiming that the company was responsible for making them fat. They argued that McDonald's deliberately misled them into thinking that their cheeseburgers and other products were healthy and nutritious food. They claimed that the company had not warned them about the health problems that can result from eating too much salty, high-fat food and drinking too many sugary drinks: diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity. The mother of one of the children, who at the age of 15 weighed more than 180 kilograms, said in her statement: I always believed McDonald's was healthy for my son.' McDonald's rejected the claim that they were responsible for these teenagers’ health problems. ‘People don't go to sleep thin and wake up obese,' said McDonald's lawyer, Brad Lerman. 'The understanding of what hamburgers and French fries do has been with us for a long, long time,’ he added. The judge agreed, and dismissed the case, saying: 'It is not the place of the law to protect people against their own excesses.' In other words, if people choose to eat a lot of unhealthy food, they can't blame the company that sold it to them. Other similar lawsuits against fast food companies in the USA have also failed. In 2005, the US House of Representatives passed a bill which became known as the 'Cheeseburger Bill'. It made it much harder for obese people to take legal action against the food industry. However, the bill has not ended the arguments about responsibility. There is some scientific evidence to suggest that fast food is addictive, and harmful too. So is selling fast food the same, in a way, as drug-dealing? 1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Obesity - who is to blame? B. Is fast food addictive? C. Is fast food really healthy? D. How to get rid of fast food 2. According to the obese teenagers in the USA who sued McDonald's, which of the following health problems was NOT mentioned? A. diabetes B. hypertension C. obesity D. heart disease 3. In paragraph 2, the word "rejected” is closest in meaning to........ A. accepted B. denied C. ignored D. agreed 4. In paragraph 2, the word "it" refers to........ A. law B. healthy food C. unhealthy food D. bill 5. What happens if people choose to eat a lot of unhealthy food? A. The company will be responsible for their health problems. B. They may get financial support from the company. C. They will surely succeed in lawsuits. D. They can't force the company to be responsible for them. 6. In paragraph 3, the word "failed" is closest in meaning to......... A. not famous B. not important C. not successful D. not proud 7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about fast food? A. salty and high-fat B. addictive C. nutritious D.harmful THE END
• 32. 1: A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE A. VOCABULARY S T T WORDS/ PHRASES TRANSCRIPTION MEANING 1. Fit (a) fɪt Thon thả, vừa vặn 2. Fitness (n) ˈfɪtnəs Sự cân đối, tình trạng khoẻ mạnh 3. Healthy (a) > < unhealthy (a) ˈhelθi ʌnˈhelθi Khoẻ mạnh, lành mạnh >< không khoẻ mạnh, k tốt 4. Health (n) Health problem helθ helθ ˈprɒbləm Sức khoẻ Vấn đề về sức khoẻ 5. Fast food fɑːst fuːd Đồ ăn nhanh 6. Junk food ˈdʒʌŋk fuːd Đồ ăn vặt 7. Regular (a) > < irregular (a) ˈreɡjʊlə > < ɪˈreɡjʊlə Thường xuyên >< không thường xuyên 8. Balanced diet ˌbælənst ˈdaɪət Chế độ ăn uống cân bằng 9. Strength (n) Strenthen (v) = enhance (v) = boost Strong (a) streŋθ strenthen = ɪnˈhɑːns = buːst … strɒŋ Sức mạnh Đẩy mạnh, thúc đẩy, tăng cường Khoẻ 10. Enthusiasm (n) Enthusiast (n) Enthusiastic (a) Enthusiastically (adv) ɪnˈθjuːzɪæzəm ɪnˈθjuːzɪæst ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪk ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪkl̩i Sự nhiệt tình Người hâm mộ Nhiệt tình Một cách nhiệt tình 11. Physical (a) Physical education Physics (n) Physicist (n) Physician (n) = doctor (n) ˈfɪzɪkl̩ ˈfɪzɪkl̩ˌedʒʊˈkeɪʃn̩ ˈfɪzɪks ˈfɪzɪsɪst fɪˈzɪʃn̩ = ˈdɒktə Thuộc về thể chất Giáo dục thể chất Vật lý Nhà vật lý học Bác sĩ 12. Mental (a) ˈmentl̩ Thuộc về tinh thần 13. Frequent (a) Frequently (adv) Frequency (n) frɪˈkwent ˈfriːkwəntli adv ˈfriːkwənsi Thường xuyên (a) Thường xuyên (adv) Sự thường xuyên 14. The amount OF + Nkđđ The number OF + N s/ es The quantity OF + Nkđđ/Ns/ es ði əˈmaʊnt əv ðə ˈnʌmbər əv ðə ˈkwɒntɪti əv Lượng + danh từ không đếm được Số lượng + + danh từ không đếm được Lượng, số lượng + danh từ 15. Lifestyle (n) ˈlaɪfstaɪl Phong cách sống (n) 16. Celebrate (v) Celebration (n) Celebrated (a) = famous (a) = well-known (a) Celebrity (n) = famous people ˈselɪbreɪt ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn̩ ˈselɪbreɪtɪd = ˈfeɪməs = ˈwel nəʊn sɪˈlebrɪti = ˈfeɪməs ˈpiːpl̩ Tổ chức kỉ niệm Lễ kỉ niệm, ăn mừng Nổi tiếng Người nổi tiếng
• 33. Treat (v) = cure (v) + sb FOR st Treat sb WITH st Treat st WITH st = process (v) Treatment (n) = cure (n) triːt = ˈkjʊər triːt triːt = ˈprəʊses ˈtriːtmənt = kjʊə Điều trị cho ai bị bệnh gì Đối xử với ai = thái độ ntn Xử lý cái gì bằng … (chất hoá học) Sự điều trị 18. Muscle (n) ˈmʌsl̩ cơ bắp (n) 19. Examine (v) ɪɡˈzæmɪn kiểm tra (v) 20. Flesh (n) fleʃ thịt (n) 21. Movement (n) ˈmuːvmənt Sự di chuyển, phong trào 22. Injury (n) Injure (v) Injured (ad) ˈɪndʒəri ˈɪndʒə ˈɪndʒəd adj Vết thương, tình trạng bị thương (n) làm ai bị thương (v) bị thương (adj) 23. Life expectancy = life span = longevity (n) life ɪkˈspektənsi = laif spæn = lɒnˈdʒevəti Tuổi thọ 24. Generally = in general = on the whole = by and large >< particularly = in particular ˈdʒenr̩əli = ɪn ˈdʒenr̩əl = ˈɒn ðə ˈhəʊl = ˈbaɪ ənd lɑːdʒ pəˈtɪkjʊləli = ɪn pəˈtɪkjʊlə Nói chung Nói riêng, cụ thể 25. Possible (a) = probable (a) = likely (a) ˈpɒsəbl̩= ˈprɒbəbl̩= ˈlaɪkli Có thể 26. Lifestyle (n) ˈlaɪfstaɪl Phong cách sống (n) 27. Food label fuːd ˈleɪbl̩ Nhãn dán thực phẩm 28. Ingredient (n) ɪnˈɡridiənt Nguyên liệu (nấu ăn) Thành phần (thuốc, bánh kẹo …) 29. Nutrient (n) Nutrition (n) Nutrious (a) ˈnjuːtrɪənt njuːˈtrɪʃn̩ nutrious Chất dinh dưỡng Chế độ dinh dưỡng, khoa dinh dưỡng Giàu dinh dưỡng 30. Mineral (n) ˈmɪnərəl Khoáng chất 31. Furthermore = Moreover = In addition=Besides ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː = mɔːˈrəʊvə Hơn nữa 32. Active (a) >< inactive (a) ~ passive ˈæktɪv ɪnˈæktɪv ~ ˈpæsɪv Năng động >< thụ động, bị động 33. Slowly (adv) >< quickly = rapidly = speedily = fast ˈsləʊli chậm >< nhanh 34. Repetitive (a) Repeat (v) Repetition (n) rɪˈpetətɪv rɪˈpiːt ˌrepɪˈtɪʃn̩ lặp đi lặp lại (a) nhắc lại sự lặp lại 35. Electronic device ˌɪlekˈtrɒnɪk dɪˈvaɪs Thiết bị điện tử 36. Energy drink ˈenədʒi drɪŋk Nước uống tăng lực 37. Article (n) ˈɑːtɪkl̩ Bài báo, mạo từ 38. Diagram (n) ˈdaɪəɡræm Sơ đồ, biểu đồ 39. Complete (v) kəmˈpliːt Hoàn thành
• 34. (a) Hoàn hảo, trọn vẹn 40. Instruction (n) ɪnˈstrʌkʃn̩ Sự hướng dẫn 41. Instruct (v) ɪnˈstrʌkt Hướng dẫn 42. Routine (n) ruːˈtiːn Thói quen 43. Proper (a) (dress/ behave) + properly (adv) ˈprɒpə ˈdres bɪˈheɪv + ˈprɒpəli Phù hợp (ăn mặc/ cư xử) một cách phù hợp 44. Spread – spread – spread ˈspred – ˈspred – spred Lan rộng, lan tràn, dãn ra 45. Position (n) pəˈzɪʃn̩ Vị trí 46. Develop (v) Development (n) dɪˈveləp dɪˈveləpmənt Phát triển Sự phát triển 47. Replace (v) rɪˈpleɪs Thay thế 48. Bone (n) bəʊn Xương 49. Sugar (n) ˈʃʊɡə Đường 50. Yoghurt (n) ˈjɒɡət Sữa chua 51. Butter (n) ˈbʌtə Bơ 52. Take turn ˈteɪk tɜːn Thay nhau làm gì, lần lượt, luân phiên 53. Demontrate (V) = illustrate (v) Demonstration (n) = illustration (n) emənˈstreɪt= ˈɪləstreɪt ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn̩ = ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn̩ Minh hoạ Sự minh hoạ 54. Contain (v) Container (n) kənˈteɪn kənˈteɪnə Chứa, đựng Đồ chứa 55. Recipe (n) Cuisine (n) ˈresəpi kwɪˈziːn Công thức nấu ăn ẩm thực 56. Return st rɪˈtɜːn seɪnt Mang trả lại cái gì 57. Accept to V >< refuse to V əkˈsept tu viː ˈrefju:s tu viː Chấp nhận làm gì Từ chối làm gì 58. (Dress) formally (adv) (Dress) informally (adv) ˈdres ˈfɔːml̩i adv ˈdres ɪnˈfɔːməli adv (ăn mặc) một cách trang trọng (ăn mặc) không trang trọng 59. Treadmill (n) ˈtredmɪl Máy chạy bộ 60. A bacterium (n) ⇨ Bacteria (pl.n) ə bækˈtɪəriəm bækˈtɪəriə 1 vi khuẩn Nhiều vi khuẩn 61. Disease (n) = ailment (n) Illness (n) = sickness (n) dɪˈziːz = ˈeɪlmənt ˈɪlnəs = ˈsɪknəs Bệnh tật, sự ốm yếu 62. Living organism = Living creature ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈɔːɡənɪzəm = ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈkriːtʃə Sinh vật sống 63. Infect (v) Infectious (a) = contagious (a) = communicable (a) Infection (n) = contagion (n) ɪnˈfekt ɪnˈfekʃəs = kənˈteɪdʒəs = kəˈmjuːnɪkəbl̩ ɪnˈfekʃn̩ = kənˈteɪdʒən Lây nhiễm, lây lan Truyền nhiễm (a) Sự lây nhiễm 64. Food poisoning fuːd ˈpɔɪzn̩ɪŋ Ngộ độc thực phẩm
• 35. Antibiotics (n) ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪks Kháng sinh 66. Tiny (a) >< huge (a) ˈtaɪni hjuːdʒ Nhỏ >< lớn 67. Germ (n) # gem (n) dʒɜːm # dʒem Mầm bệnh # đá quý, viên ngọc 68. Cause (v) = lead TO = result IN = bring ABOUT kɔːz = led tu = rɪˈzʌlt ɪn = brɪŋ əˈbaʊt Gây ra, dẫn đến 69. A wide range OF ə ˌwaɪd reɪndʒ ɒv Nhiều, phạm vi rộng 70. Common (a) >< uncommon (a) ˈkɒmən ʌnˈkɒmən Thông thường >< không phổ biến 71. Serious (a) = severe (a) ˈsɪərɪəs = sɪˈvɪə Nghiêm trọng 72. Cell (n) sel Tế bào ST T STRUCTURES & COLLOCATIONS & IDIOMS TRANSCRIPTION MEANING 1. Work out wɜrk Tập thể dục 2. Stay healthy steɪ ˈhɛlθi Sống khoẻ 3. Keep fit kip fɪt Giữ dáng 4. Give up ɡɪv ʌp Từ bỏ 5. Stay up steɪ ʌp Thức 6. Under the weather = off color >< in the pink ˈʌndər ðə ˈwɛðər = ɔf ˈkʌlər >< ɪn ðə pɪŋk Bị ốm >< Khoẻ mạnh 7. Stop + Ving Stop + to V stɑp Dừng/ ngừng hẳn/ từ bỏ việc gì đó Dừng lại để làm gì 8. Prefer sb/ st/ Ving TO sb/ st/ Ving = would prefer to V RATHER THAN V = would rather V THAN V prəˈfɜr = wəd prəˈfɜr = wəd ˈræðər Thích ai/ cái gì/ làm gì HƠN ai/ cái gì/ làm gì KHÁC Thích làm gì HƠN làm gì KHÁC Thích làm gì HƠN làm gì KHÁC 9. Be full OF ~ be crowded WITH ~ be packed WITH ~ filled WITH fʊl ʌv ~ ˈkraʊdəd ~ pækt ~ fɪld Đầy, nhiều … 10. S + spend + time/ money + Ving = It takes + sb + time/ money + to V ɛs spɛnd taɪm ˈmʌni = ɪt teɪks taɪm ˈmʌni Ai đó dành + thời gian/ tiền bạc vào việc gì = Ai đó mất bao nhiêu thời gian/ tiền vào việc gì 11. Take/ do/ get + exercises teɪk dʊ ɡɛt ˈɛksərˌsaɪzəz Tập thể dục 12. The key TO st ðə ki Chìa khoá/ giải pháp CHO việc gì 13. Visit + sb/st = pay a visit TO sb/st = pay sb/st a visit ˈvɪzət = peɪ ˈvɪzət ɛs = peɪ ˈvɪzət Thăm ai/ nơi nào 14. Be good FOR >< Be bad FOR # be good AT >< be bad AT ɡʊd >< bæd # ɡʊd æt >< bæd æt Tốt cho ai >< không tốt cho ai Giỏi về môn gì >< kém về môn gì 15. Enjoy + Ving ɛnˈʤɔɪ Thích làm gì 16. Suffer FROM ˈsʌfər Chịu đựng điều gì/ bệnh gì
• 36. Look AT lʊk æt Nhìn 18. Pay attention TO = take notice OF = focus ON = Concentrate ON peɪ əˈtɛnʃən = teɪk ˈnoʊtəs ʌv = ˈfoʊkəs ɑn = ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɑn Chú ý Tập trung 19. Avoid Ving əˈvɔɪd Tránh làm gì 20. Remember to V Remember Ving rɪˈmɛmbər Nhớ phải làm gì Nhớ đã làm gì trong quá khứ 21. Forget to V Forget VING fərˈɡɛt Quên phải làm gì Quên đã làm gì trong quá khứ 22. Give OFF = emit (v) + (light/ gas …) >< tak IN = absorb (v) ɡɪv ɔf = ɪˈmɪt (laɪt ɡæs …) >< tæk ɪn = əbˈzɔrb Thải ra, phát ra Hấp thụ, thẩm thấu, tiếp thu 23. Prevent sb FROM Ving prɪˈvɛnt Ngăn cản ai làm gì 24. Fall asleep # feel sleepy fɔl əˈslip # fil ˈslipi Ngủ thiếp đi Cảm thấy buồn ngủ 25. Try + to V Try + Ving/ st traɪ Cố gắng làm gì Thử làm gì/ thử cái gì 26. Give instruction ɡɪv ɪnˈstrʌkʃən Đưa ra sự hướng dẫn 27. Do star jumps dʊ stɑr ʤʌmps Nhảy sao 28. Do squats dʊ skwɑts Tập squats 29. Run on the spot rʌn ɑn ðə spɑt Chạy tại chỗ 30. Cut down on = reduce (v) = decrease (v) + O S + reduce/ decrease/ decline/ go down (không có O) kʌt daʊn ɑn = rəˈdus = ˈdiˌkris ɛs rəˈdus ˈdiˌkris dɪˈklaɪn ɡoʊ daʊn Làm giảm cái gì Chủ ngữ + giảm (không có tân ngữ phía sau) 31. Help sb V/ to V = assist (v) Help sb with st hɛlp = əˈsɪst Giúp đỡ ai làm gì Giúp đỡ ai việc gì 32. Bring sb with st brɪŋ Mang theo cái gì 33. How about/ What about + Ving = Let’s V …? = Shall we V …? = Why don’t we V …? haʊ əˈbaʊt wɑt əˈbaʊt = lɛts = ʃəl wi = waɪ doʊnt wi Thế còn làm việc này thì sao? Chúng ta hãy cùng …. … 34. Thank sb FOR st/ Ving θæŋk Cảm ơn ai vì điều gì 35. Lend sb st Borrow st FROM sb lɛnd ˈbɑˌroʊ Cho ai mượn cái gì Mượn cái gì từ ai 36. Suggest + Ving Suggest that S + should V səɡˈʤɛst səɡˈʤɛst ðət ɛs ʃʊd Đề xuất làm gì Đề xuất ai đó làm gì 37. Remind sb to V Remind sb OF sb/st/ Ving riˈmaɪnd riˈmaɪnd ʌv Nhắc nhở ai làm gì Gợi cho ai nhớ về ai/ điều gì 38. Be pleased WITH = be satisfied/ contented WITH plizd = ˈsætəˌsfaɪd kənˈtɛntəd Hài lòng với 39. Accept to V ækˈsɛpt Chấp nhận làm gì
• 37. refuse to V >< rɪˈfjuz Từ chối làm gì 40. (Dress) formally (adv) (Dress) informally (adv) (drɛs) ˈfɔrməli (drɛs) ɪnˈfɔrməli (ăn mặc) một cách trang trọng (ăn mặc) không trang trọng 41. (thank/ book) + in advance ɪn ədˈvæns (cảm ơn/ đặt … ) trước 42. Offer st TO sb Offer sb st ˈɔfər Cung cấp cái gì cho ai Cung cấp cho ai cái gì 43. Respond (v) TO st Response (n) TO st Responsive (a) TO st rɪˈspɑns rɪˈspɑnsɪv Đáp lại, phản hồi lại Sự phản hồi Phản hồi lại 44. Be different FROM = differ FROM >< Be similar TO ˈdɪfərənt = ˈdɪfər >< ˈsɪmələr Khác so với Giống với 45. Give sb a hand = do sb a favour = help sb ɡɪv hænd = dʊ fvour = hɛlp Giúp đỡ ai 46. Use st to V Use st FOR Ving juz Sử dụng cái gì để làm gì 47. get over = recover from ɡɛt ˈoʊvər = rɪˈkʌvər Vượt qua, Phục hồi 48. go off ɡoʊ ɔf Ôi thiu, bị hỏng 49. lie down laɪ daʊn Nằm xuống 50. put on (weight) pʊt ɑn (weɪt) Tăng cân 51. on a diet ɑn ˈdaɪət Ăn kiêng 52. Be addicted to əˈdɪktəd Nghiện 53. Be allergic to əˈlɜrʤɪk Dị ứng đối với 54. die from/of daɪ ʌv Chết vì bệnh gì 55. a cure for kjʊr phương pháp điều trị cho bệnh gì 56. a recipe for ˈrɛsəpi Cách nấu món gì B. GRAMMAR QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN & HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH 1. Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) A. Với động từ "to be": (+) S + was/ were + O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + O? B. Với động từ “to do”: (+) S + Ved + O (-) S + didn't + V + O (?) Did (not) + S + V + O? Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Điều tả hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong quá khứ. Ex: - I saw a movie yesterday. - Last year, I traveled to Japan. • Diễn tà một chuỗi các hành động liên tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ex: - I finished work, walked to the beach and found a nice place to swim.
• 38. Did you add flour, pour the milk and then add the eggs? C. Adverbs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) • Yesterday, ago, in + năm/ tháng trong quá khứ, last... D. Một số lưu ý đối với thi quá khứ đơn: • Quy tắc thêm “ed” với động từ thường: Hầu hết động từ được thêm "ed" để biến thành động từ dạng quá khứ. Ex: work - worked, visit - visited • Một vài động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm "y" thì biến "y" thành "i" rồi thêm "ed" để biến thành dạng động từ quá khứ. Ex: study - studied, carry - carried • Một vài động từ có dạng 1:1:1 (1 phụ âm + 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm) thì ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm "ed". Ex: plan - planned, fit - fitted * Cách phát âm đối với động từ có đuôi “ed”: Đúng nhất: Theo phiên âm quốc tế, khi -ED đứng sau các âm sau sẽ được phát âm như sau: Phát âm của -ED Các âm trước -ED /ɪd/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /p/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /s/ /t/ /θ/ /d/ Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại Mẹo vặt: (Không đúng 100%): sáng sớm xe sh chạy khắp phố phường s, x, ce, sh, ch, k, p, f Phát âm của -ED Các âm trước -ED /ɪd/ t d /t/ P x ce f ch sh *gh s *th ph k /d/ Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại Ex: /ɪd/ wanted, needed, demanded, suggested, mended, hated, visited, … /t/ walked, liked, stopped, raped, washed, watched, laughed, sentenced, rated, breathed, stated, looked, cooked, sniffed, missed, mixed.... /d/ played, studied, changed, matched, decreed, .... Note: • Khi *th phát âm là /θ/ thì -ed mới phát âm là /t/ như breathed, ... • Khi *th phát âm là /ð/ thì -ed có phát âm là /d/ như bathed, ... • Khi *gh phát âm là /f/ thi -ed phát âm là /t/ như laughed, coughed, .... • Khi *gh là âm câm thi -ed phát âm là /d/ như ploughed, ... • Khi *s phát âm là /z/ thì -ed thường được phát âm là /d/ như praised, chased, raised.... • Khi *s phát âm là /s/ thì -ed thường được phát âm là /t/ như: passed, increased, crossed … Ngoại lệ: - Một số tính từ sau có cách phát âm của -ed là /ɪd/: naked /'neɪkɪd/, learned /'lə:nɪd/, aged /eɪdʒɪd/, beloved /bɪ'lʌvɪd/, blessed /'blesɪd/, crooked /'krʊkɪd/, ragged /'ræɡɪd/, sacred /'seɪkrɪd/, wretched /'retʃɪd/,... - Phần ngoại lệ: Có một chữ có -ed tận cùng được phát âm là /əd/. Chữ đó là hundred /'hʌndrəd/ 2. Perfect present (Hiện tại hoàn thành) (+) S + have/ has Vpp…