Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?

Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?

Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures:

Objectives:

    1.    Explain the difference between an element and a compound.

    2.    Compare heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.

    3.    Describe several techniques to separate mixtures.

Key Terms:

    element    compound    pure substance    mixture    heterogeneous mixture    homogeneous mixture

Web Resources:

Notes:

Matter can be better defined by separating it into its simplest parts.  Since the atom is the basic unit of matter, we will start there.  A group of similar atoms is called an element.  Here are some elemental facts.

Aggregates (combinations) of elements can form compounds.  Its important to know that compounds are pure substances.  (A compound of H2O contains nothing but H2O.)  Here are some facts regarding compounds.

Aggregates of substances (compounds, elements, or mixtures) combine to form mixtures.  Mixtures can either appear homogeneous (do not contain visibly different parts - milk) or heterogeneous (visibly different parts - chocolate chip cookie)  Here are some facts regarding mixtures.

Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?
Must be able to separate into two or more pure substances.
Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?
Can be separated by physical means. (do not cause a physical change)
Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?
    filtration
Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?
    distillation (boiling)
Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?
    crystallization (evaporation)
Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?
    chromatography (flowing along a stationary surface)
Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?
    centrifugation (spinning to find differences in weight)
 

Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?

Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

Elements

Note that an element:

  • consists of only one kind of atom,
  • cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means, and
  • can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen).

A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. Note that the two nitrogen atoms which comprise a nitrogen molecule move as a unit.

Compounds

Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?
Microscopic view of the molecules of the compound water (gas phase). Oxygen atoms are red and hydrogen atoms are white.

Note that a compound:

  • consists of atoms of two or more different elements bound together,
  • can be broken down into a simpler type of matter (elements) by chemical means (but not by physical means),
  • has properties that are different from its component elements, and
  • always contains the same ratio of its component atoms.

Mixtures

Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?
Microscopic view of a gaseous mixture containing two elements (argon and nitrogen) and a compound (water).

Note that a mixture:

  • consists of two or more different elements and/or compounds physically intermingled,
  • can be separated into its components by physical means, and
  • often retains many of the properties of its components.

Can a compound be separated into two or more substances by physical means?