Meta name= viewport content= width=device-width initial-scale=1 la gi

 lang="en">
  ...

 name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

 name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">

 class="container">
  ...

Use .container-fluid for a full width container, spanning the entire width of your viewport.

 class="container-fluid">
  ...

Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns as the device or viewport size increases. It includes predefined classes for easy layout options, as well as powerful mixins for generating more semantic layouts.

Introduction

Grid systems are used for creating page layouts through a series of rows and columns that house your content. Here's how the Bootstrap grid system works:

• Rows must be placed within a .container (fixed-width) or .container-fluid (full-width) for proper alignment and padding.
• Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns.
• Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows.
• Predefined grid classes like .row and .col-xs-4 are available for quickly making grid layouts. Less mixins can also be used for more semantic layouts.
• Columns create gutters (gaps between column content) via padding. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via negative margin on .rows.
• The negative margin is why the examples below are outdented. It's so that content within grid columns is lined up with non-grid content.
• Grid columns are created by specifying the number of twelve available columns you wish to span. For example, three equal columns would use three .col-xs-4.
• If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.
• Grid classes apply to devices with screen widths greater than or equal to the breakpoint sizes, and override grid classes targeted at smaller devices. Therefore, e.g. applying any .col-md-* class to an element will not only affect its styling on medium devices but also on large devices if a .col-lg-* class is not present.

Look to the examples for applying these principles to your code.

We use the following media queries in our Less files to create the key breakpoints in our grid system.

/* Extra small devices (phones, less than 768px) */
/* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */

/* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { ... }

/* Medium devices (desktops, 992px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { ... }

/* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... }

We occasionally expand on these media queries to include a max-width to limit CSS to a narrower set of devices.

@media (max-width: @screen-xs-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) and (max-width: @screen-sm-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) and (max-width: @screen-md-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... }

Grid options

See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.

Example: Stacked-to-horizontal

Using a single set of .col-md-* grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. Place grid columns in any .row.

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-1

.col-md-4

.col-md-4

.col-md-4

 class="row">
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1
   class="col-md-1">.col-md-1

 class="row">
   class="col-md-8">.col-md-8
   class="col-md-4">.col-md-4

 class="row">
   class="col-md-4">.col-md-4
   class="col-md-4">.col-md-4
   class="col-md-4">.col-md-4

 class="row">
   class="col-md-6">.col-md-6
   class="col-md-6">.col-md-6

Example: Fluid container

Turn any fixed-width grid layout into a full-width layout by changing your outermost .container to .container-fluid.

 class="container-fluid">
   class="row">
    ...
  

Example: Mobile and desktop

Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding .col-xs-* .col-md-* to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.

.col-xs-12 .col-md-8

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

 class="row">
   class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-md-8
   class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4



 class="row">
   class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
   class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
   class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4



 class="row">
   class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6
   class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6

Example: Mobile, tablet, desktop

Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet .col-sm-* classes.

.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4

 class="row">
   class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8
   class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

 class="row">
   class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4
   class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4
  
   class="clearfix visible-xs-block">
   class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4

Example: Column wrapping

If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.

.col-xs-9

.col-xs-4
Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.

.col-xs-6
Subsequent columns continue along the new line.

 class="row">
   class="col-xs-9">.col-xs-9
   class="col-xs-4">.col-xs-4
Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.
   class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6
Subsequent columns continue along the new line.

Responsive column resets

With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a .clearfix and our responsive utility classes.

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
Resize your viewport or check it out on your phone for an example.

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3

 class="row">
   class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
   class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3

  
   class="clearfix visible-xs-block">

   class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
   class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3

In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to reset offsets, pushes, or pulls. See this in action in the grid example.

 class="row">
   class="col-sm-5 col-md-6">.col-sm-5 .col-md-6
   class="col-sm-5 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-0">.col-sm-5 .col-sm-offset-2 .col-md-6 .col-md-offset-0


 class="row">
   class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6
   class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-md-offset-2 col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-0">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-md-offset-2 .col-lg-6 .col-lg-offset-0

Remove gutters

Remove the gutters from a row and it's columns with the .row-no-gutters class.

.col-xs-12 .col-md-8

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

 class="row row-no-gutters">
   class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-md-8
   class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

 class="row row-no-gutters">
   class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
   class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
   class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

 class="row row-no-gutters">
   class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6
   class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6

Offsetting columns

Move columns to the right using .col-md-offset-* classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by * columns. For example, .col-md-offset-4 moves .col-md-4 over four columns.

.col-md-4

.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4

.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3

.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3

.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3

 class="row">
   class="col-md-4">.col-md-4
   class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4

 class="row">
   class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3
   class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3

 class="row">
   class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3

You can also override offsets from lower grid tiers with .col-*-offset-0 classes.

 class="row">
   class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">
  
   class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">
  
   class="col-xs-6 col-xs-offset-3 col-sm-4 col-sm-offset-0">
  

Nesting columns

To nest your content with the default grid, add a new .row and set of .col-sm-* columns within an existing .col-sm-* column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or fewer (it is not required that you use all 12 available columns).

Level 1: .col-sm-9

Level 2: .col-xs-8 .col-sm-6

Level 2: .col-xs-4 .col-sm-6

 class="row">
   class="col-sm-9">
    Level 1: .col-sm-9
     class="row">
       class="col-xs-8 col-sm-6">
        Level 2: .col-xs-8 .col-sm-6
      
       class="col-xs-4 col-sm-6">
        Level 2: .col-xs-4 .col-sm-6
      
    
  

Column ordering

Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with .col-md-push-* and .col-md-pull-* modifier classes.

.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3

.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9

 class="row">
   class="col-md-9 col-md-push-3">.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3
   class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9">.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9

Less mixins and variables

In addition to prebuilt grid classes for fast layouts, Bootstrap includes Less variables and mixins for quickly generating your own simple, semantic layouts.

Variables

Variables determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below.

@grid-columns:              12;
@grid-gutter-width:         30px;
@grid-float-breakpoint:     768px;

Mixins

Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns.

// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns
.make-row(@gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
  // Then clear the floated columns
  .clearfix();

  @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
    margin-left:  (@gutter / -2);
    margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
  }

  // Negative margin nested rows out to align the content of columns
  .row {
    margin-left:  (@gutter / -2);
    margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
  }
}

// Generate the extra small columns
.make-xs-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
  position: relative;
  // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
  min-height: 1px;
  // Inner gutter via padding
  padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
  padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

  // Calculate width based on number of columns available
  @media (min-width: @grid-float-breakpoint) {
    float: left;
    width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the small columns
.make-sm-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
  position: relative;
  // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
  min-height: 1px;
  // Inner gutter via padding
  padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
  padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

  // Calculate width based on number of columns available
  @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
    float: left;
    width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the small column offsets
.make-sm-column-offset(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
    margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-sm-column-push(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
    left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-sm-column-pull(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
    right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the medium columns
.make-md-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
  position: relative;
  // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
  min-height: 1px;
  // Inner gutter via padding
  padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
  padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

  // Calculate width based on number of columns available
  @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
    float: left;
    width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the medium column offsets
.make-md-column-offset(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
    margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-md-column-push(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
    left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-md-column-pull(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
    right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the large columns
.make-lg-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
  position: relative;
  // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
  min-height: 1px;
  // Inner gutter via padding
  padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
  padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

  // Calculate width based on number of columns available
  @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
    float: left;
    width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the large column offsets
.make-lg-column-offset(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
    margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-lg-column-push(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
    left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-lg-column-pull(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
    right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

Example usage

You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between.

.wrapper {
  .make-row();
}
.content-main {
  .make-lg-column(8);
}
.content-secondary {
  .make-lg-column(3);
  .make-lg-column-offset(1);
}

 class="wrapper">
   class="content-main">...
   class="content-secondary">...

Headings

All HTML headings,

through

, are available. .h2 through .h6 classes are also available, for when you want to match the font styling of a heading but still want your text to be displayed inline.

h2. Bootstrap heading	Semibold 36px
h2. Bootstrap heading	Semibold 30px
h3. Bootstrap heading	Semibold 24px
h4. Bootstrap heading	Semibold 18px
h5. Bootstrap heading	Semibold 14px
h6. Bootstrap heading	Semibold 12px

h2. Bootstrap heading
h2. Bootstrap heading
h3. Bootstrap heading
h4. Bootstrap heading
h5. Bootstrap heading
h6. Bootstrap heading

Create lighter, secondary text in any heading with a generic tag or the .small class.

h2. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

h2. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

h3. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

h4. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

h5. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

h6. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

h2. Bootstrap heading Secondary text
h2. Bootstrap heading Secondary text
h3. Bootstrap heading Secondary text
h4. Bootstrap heading Secondary text
h5. Bootstrap heading Secondary text
h6. Bootstrap heading Secondary text

Body copy

Bootstrap's global default font-size is 14px, with a line-height of 1.428. This is applied to the and all paragraphs. In addition,

(paragraphs) receive a bottom margin of half their computed line-height (10px by default).

Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.

Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.

Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.

...

Lead body copy

Make a paragraph stand out by adding .lead.

Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.

 class="lead">...

Built with Less

The typographic scale is based on two Less variables in variables.less: @font-size-base and @line-height-base. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height. We use those variables and some simple math to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more. Customize them and Bootstrap adapts.

Inline text elements

Marked text

For highlighting a run of text due to its relevance in another context, use the tag.

You can use the mark tag to highlight text.

You can use the mark tag to highlight text.

Deleted text

For indicating blocks of text that have been deleted use the tag.

This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.

This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.

Strikethrough text

For indicating blocks of text that are no longer relevant use the tag.

This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.

This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.

Inserted text

For indicating additions to the document use the tag.

This line of text is meant to be treated as an addition to the document.

This line of text is meant to be treated as an addition to the document.

Underlined text

To underline text use the tag.

This line of text will render as underlined

This line of text will render as underlined

Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.

Small text

For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the tag to set text at 85% the size of the parent. Heading elements receive their own font-size for nested elements.

You may alternatively use an inline element with .small in place of any .

This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.

This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.

Bold

For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.

The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text.

rendered as bold text

Italics

For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.

The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text.

rendered as italicized text

Alternate elements

Feel free to use and in HTML5. is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.

Alignment classes

Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.

Left aligned text.

Center aligned text.

Right aligned text.

Justified text.

No wrap text.

 class="text-left">Left aligned text.

 class="text-center">Center aligned text.

 class="text-right">Right aligned text.

 class="text-justify">Justified text.

 class="text-nowrap">No wrap text.

Transformation classes

Transform text in components with text capitalization classes.

Lowercased text.

Uppercased text.

Capitalized text.

 class="text-lowercase">Lowercased text.

 class="text-uppercase">Uppercased text.

 class="text-capitalize">Capitalized text.

Abbreviations

Stylized implementation of HTML's element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a title attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover and to users of assistive technologies.

Basic abbreviation

An abbreviation of the word attribute is attr.

 title="attribute">attr

Initialism

Add .initialism to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.

HTML is the best thing since sliced bread.

 title="HyperText Markup Language" class="initialism">HTML

Addresses

Present contact information for the nearest ancestor or the entire body of work. Preserve formatting by ending all lines with
.

  Twitter, Inc.

  1355 Market Street, Suite 900

  San Francisco, CA 94103

   title="Phone">P: (123) 456-7890



  Full Name

   href="mailto:#">