What are projectile effects a hazard in?

RAPID REGULATORY COMPLIANCE-

CLINICAL II

______________ protect healthcare workers from

exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

Standard Precautions

The CDC recommends that people ______________ when

their hands are visibly soiled.

wash their hands with

soap and water

On wet floors, the safest way to walk is to _____________.make wide turns at

corners

The Joint Commission expects hospitals to implement

practices to prevent healthcare-associated infections

(HAI). One important practice is _________________.

proper hand hygiene

_______________ exposure to radiation can increase the

risk of cancer.

Repeated

Latex allergies are more common in people who

_______________.

have food allergies

To keep a strong, healthy back, a best practice is to

______________________.

sleep on the back or the

side

Which practice is the safest way to sit at a desk while

typing on the computer?

Keep the knees and hips

at 90-degree angles and

the wrists straight.

Which of the following is a part of Contact Precautions?Patients are isolated in

private rooms or cohorted.

What is a safety data sheet (SDS)?A document that lists the

specific hazards of a

chemical

____________ have hazard communication duties.Manufacturers,

employers, and

employees

A fellow employee is frustrated and tense after a

difficult morning. Your best reaction is to ____________.

acknowledge frustration

and help resolve the

problem

An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) includes

___________________.

staff responsibilities

The projectile effect is a hazard in a(n)

__________________?

MRI field

Have you ever had a significant ferromagnetic projectile event or injury at your MR site?

Projectile or "missile" events (where extraneous ferromagnetic objects are propelled into the scanner) are among the most dramatic dangers of strong magnetic fields. Fortunately, these events are rare. In a 10-year review of 1548 adverse MRI-related events reported to the US Food and Drug Administration, 133 (9%) involved projectiles. Nearly all of these were large objects including walkers, wheelchairs, stretchers, gas cylinders, carts, IV poles, and patient monitoring equipment mistakenly brought into the magnet room. My friend Moriel NessAiver has assembled an amusing collection of cases at his website, simplyphysics.com. The first 3 examples below are reproduced with his permission.

These images and video, although humorous, remind us that real projectile accidents can and do occur, and we must remain forever vigilant. This is brought home by the three news items below, in which death in MR scanners occurred due to propulsion of ferromagnetic oxygen cylinders. The first unfortunate case occurred in New York in 2001, when the head of a 6-year-old boy was crushed by an oxygen tank that flew into the scanner while he was being scanned. The second death occurred in Mumbai in 2018, when a 32-year man brought his family member's oxygen tank into the magnet room. He was pulled into the scanner and pinned there by the cylinder which ruptured on impact. Death was due to inhalation of liquid oxygen and subsequent tension pneumothorax. The third MRI-related death, also by an oxygen tank, occurred in Gimhae, Korea in October, 2021.

MR projectile death of 6-year old boy in New York, 2001

Fortunately (but more so due to a conscientious and excellent staff) we never had any type of significant projectile accident in the 30 years I ran the MRI center at Wake Forest scanning hundreds of thousands of patients. Occasionally we would discover a bobby pin or paper clip of unknown origin stuck against the scanner bore in at servicing, but nothing more significant. Our only serious projectile incident did not involve patients or medical personnel, but occurred after hours when a maintenance engineer was working on the scanner. He carried a piece of (unrecognized) ferromagnetic flashing into the scanner room and was injured when the sharp edge of the metal cut into him as it was pulled into the magnet. The engineer suffered an upper abdominal wall and superficial liver laceration from the projectile event, but recovered fully.

What is projectile risk?

What is projectile effect in MRI?

How can you prevent an electrical shock or injury?

What's the safest way to sit at a desk while typing on a computer?