Cách thay đổi màu nền trong python với rùa
Phương pháp 1. Sử dụng ANSI ESCAPE CODE Để thêm màu sắc và kiểu dáng cho văn bản, bạn nên tạo một lớp có tên là ANSI, bên trong lớp này khai báo các cấu hình về văn bản và màu sắc bằng mã ANSI. Các chức năng được sử dụng. lai lịch. cho phép định dạng nền. Accepts ANSI codes between 40 and 47, 100 and 107 Show
Generally How do I change the background of my Python GUI? The default background color of a Tkinter GUI is gray. You can change this to any color according to the needs of your application. There are two ways to change the background color of a window in Tkinter. By using the configure(bg=) method of the tkinter. Tk class Here You Can Watch The Video Two Ways To Change Background Colors – Python Kivy GUISimilarly, Change Background Color And Text Color of Labels – PythonFrequently Asked Questions(FAQ)How can I change my background color?Select Start > Settings > Personalization > Colors, and then choose your own color, or let Windows pull an accent color from your background How do I change colors in Python?To make some of your text more readable, you can use ANSI escape codes to change the colour of the text output in your python program. A good use case for this is to to highlight errors. Add Colour to Text in Python Text colorRedCode31Text styleBoldCode1Background colorRed• How do you define a color in Python?In the RGB color model, any color can be generated by mixing 3 primary colors, namely, Red, Green, and Blue. In this model, a color can be described by specifying a group of 3 numeric values (typically ranging from 0 to 255),each specifying the intensity of Red, Green, and Blue colors present in a given color What we use to change the background color any widget in Python?We can customize the tkinter widgets using the tkinter. ttk module. Tkinter. ttk module is used for styling the tkinter widgets such as setting the background color, foreground color, activating the buttons, adding images to labels, justifying the height and width of widgets, etc How do I change the color of a Button in Python?We can also change the foreground color by using the ‘fg’ property of the button widget in Tkinter. We can also use the configure method to change the color. As we know that we can use the ‘bg’ and ‘fg’ property of the Button widget to change the color, we need to pass this variable while using the Button object What is Tkinter default color?The default background color of a GUI with Tkinter is grey. You can change that to any color based on your application’s requirement How do you highlight text in Python?Adding Highlighted Text
How do you change the font style in Python?In your Python program, import tkinter. font as font, create font. Font() object with required options and assign the Font object to font option of Button How do you change the font in Python?Open the Python shell. Then, in the menu bar, under Python (directly to the right of the Apple icon), you will find Preferences. Under this, you will find the Font/Tabs option, and you can change the font size according to your preference How do I change the font color in Pycharm?Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and select Editor . Color Scheme . Python. Select any code element you want to customize and clear the corresponding Inherit values from checkbox to change inherited color settings for this element; then specify your color and font settings Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon in 1967 Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.09, give it the command >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.00, and it moves (on-screen. ) 15 pixels in the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the command >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01, and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise Turtle star Turtle can draw intricate shapes using programs that repeat simple moves from turtle import * color('red', 'yellow') begin_fill() while True: forward(200) left(170) if abs(pos()) < 1: break end_fill() done() By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and pictures can easily be drawn The >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.08 module is an extended reimplementation of the same-named module from the Python standard distribution up to version Python 2. 5 It tries to keep the merits of the old turtle module and to be (nearly) 100% compatible with it. This means in the first place to enable the learning programmer to use all the commands, classes and methods interactively when using the module from within IDLE run with the >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.03 switch The turtle module provides turtle graphics primitives, in both object-oriented and procedure-oriented ways. Because it uses >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04 for the underlying graphics, it needs a version of Python installed with Tk support The object-oriented interface uses essentially two+two classes
Giao diện thủ tục cung cấp các chức năng bắt nguồn từ các phương thức của các lớp >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0407 và >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0405. Chúng có cùng tên với các phương thức tương ứng. Một đối tượng màn hình được tạo tự động bất cứ khi nào một hàm bắt nguồn từ phương thức Màn hình được gọi. Một đối tượng rùa (chưa được đặt tên) được tạo tự động bất cứ khi nào bất kỳ hàm nào bắt nguồn từ phương thức Rùa được gọi Để sử dụng nhiều con rùa trên một màn hình, người ta phải sử dụng giao diện hướng đối tượng Ghi chú Trong tài liệu sau đây, danh sách đối số cho các hàm được đưa ra. Tất nhiên, các phương thức có đối số đầu tiên bổ sung self được bỏ qua ở đây Tổng quan về các phương pháp Con rùa và Màn hình có sẵn¶Phương pháp rùa¶Chuyển động của rùa Di chuyển và vẽ>>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0410. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0411 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0412. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0413. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0414 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0415. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0416 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0417. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0418 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0419 . >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0420. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0421 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0422 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0423 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0424. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0425 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0426 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0427 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0428 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0429 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0430 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0431 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0432 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0433Cho biết trạng thái của Rùa >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0434. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0435 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0436 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0437 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0438 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0439 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0440Cài đặt và đo lường >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0441 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0442Điều khiển bút Trạng thái vẽ >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0443. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0444. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0445 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0446. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0447. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0448 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0449. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0450 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0451 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0452Kiểm soát màu sắc >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0453 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0454 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0455Filling >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0456 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0457 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0458Kiểm soát bản vẽ nhiều hơn >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0459 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0460 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0461Trạng thái rùaKhả năng hiển thị >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0462. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0463 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0464. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0465 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0466Vẻ bề ngoài >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0467 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0468 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0469. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0470 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0471 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0472 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0473 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0474 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0475 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0476Sử dụng các sự kiện >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0477 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0478 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0479Phương pháp rùa đặc biệt >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0480 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0481 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0482 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0483 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0484. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0485 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0486 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0487 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0488 Các phương thức của TurtleScreen/Screen¶Kiểm soát cửa sổ>>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0489 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0490 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0491 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0492 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0493 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0494kiểm soát hoạt ảnh >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0495 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0496 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0497Sử dụng các sự kiện màn hình >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0498 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0499. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01200 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01201 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0477. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01203 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01204 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01205. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01206Cài đặt và phương pháp đặc biệt >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01207 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01208 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01209 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01210 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01211. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01212 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01213 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01214 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01215Phương thức nhập liệu >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01216 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01217Các phương pháp dành riêng cho Màn hình >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01218 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01219 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01220 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01221 Các phương thức của RawTurtle/Turtle và các hàm tương ứng¶Hầu hết các ví dụ trong phần này đề cập đến một cá thể Rùa có tên là >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.08 Chuyển động của rùa¶rùa. về phía trước(khoảng cách) ¶ . turtle.fd(khoảng cách) ¶khoảng cách – một số (số nguyên hoặc số thực) Di chuyển rùa về phía trước theo khoảng cách xác định, theo hướng rùa đang đi >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04rùa. lùi lại(khoảng cách) ¶ . turtle.bk(khoảng cách) ¶ . turtle.lùi lại(khoảng cách) ¶ khoảng cách - một con số Di chuyển rùa lùi một đoạn, ngược với hướng rùa đi. Không thay đổi tiêu đề của rùa >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.012rùa. phải(góc) ¶ . turtle.rt(góc) ¶ góc – một số (số nguyên hoặc số float) Xoay rùa sang phải theo đơn vị góc. (Các đơn vị theo độ mặc định, nhưng có thể được đặt thông qua các hàm >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0441 và >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0442. ) Định hướng góc phụ thuộc vào chế độ con rùa, xem >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01207 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.040rùa. trái(góc) ¶ . turtle.lt(góc) ¶ góc – một số (số nguyên hoặc số float) Xoay rùa sang trái theo đơn vị góc. (Các đơn vị theo độ mặc định, nhưng có thể được đặt thông qua các hàm >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0441 và >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0442. ) Định hướng góc phụ thuộc vào chế độ con rùa, xem >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01207 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.044rùa. goto(x , y . =None)¶turtle.đặt vị trí(x , y . =None)¶turtle.vị trí đặt(x , y=None)¶Parameters
Nếu y là >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229, x phải là một cặp tọa độ hoặc một >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01231 (e. g. như được trả về bởi >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0435) Di chuyển rùa đến một vị trí tuyệt đối. Nếu bút xuống, vẽ đường. Không thay đổi hướng của rùa >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.049rùa. setx(x) ¶ x – một số (số nguyên hoặc số thực) Đặt tọa độ đầu tiên của rùa thành x, giữ nguyên tọa độ thứ hai >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.050rùa. bộ(y) ¶ y – một số (số nguyên hoặc số thực) Đặt tọa độ thứ hai của rùa thành y, giữ nguyên tọa độ đầu tiên >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.051rùa. tiêu đề(to_angle) ¶ . turtle.seth(to_angle) ¶ to_angle – a number (integer or float) Đặt hướng của rùa thành to_angle. Dưới đây là một số hướng phổ biến theo độ chế độ căn bản chế độ logo 0 - đông 0 - bắc 90 - bắc 90 - đông 180 - tây 180 - nam 270 - nam 270 - tây >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0rùa. nhà() ¶ Di chuyển con rùa đến điểm gốc – tọa độ (0,0) – và đặt tiêu đề của nó thành hướng bắt đầu (tùy thuộc vào chế độ, xem >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01207) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0rùa. hình tròn(bán kính , phạm vi=None, steps=None)¶Parameters
Vẽ đường tròn có bán kính cho trước. Trung tâm là các đơn vị bán kính bên trái của con rùa; . Nếu phạm vi không được đưa ra, hãy vẽ toàn bộ vòng tròn. Nếu phạm vi không phải là một vòng tròn đầy đủ, một điểm cuối của vòng cung là vị trí bút hiện tại. Vẽ cung theo hướng ngược chiều kim đồng hồ nếu bán kính dương, ngược lại theo chiều kim đồng hồ. Cuối cùng, hướng của rùa được thay đổi theo mức độ Vì hình tròn được xấp xỉ bằng một đa giác đều nội tiếp, các bước xác định số bước sẽ sử dụng. Nếu không được cung cấp, nó sẽ được tính toán tự động. Có thể được sử dụng để vẽ đa giác thông thường >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.040rùa. chấm(kích thước=Không, *color)¶Parameters
Vẽ một chấm tròn có kích thước đường kính, sử dụng màu. Nếu kích thước không được cung cấp, thì tối đa pensize+4 và 2*pensize được sử dụng >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.041rùa. đóng dấu() ¶ Đóng dấu một bản sao của hình con rùa lên canvas ở vị trí con rùa hiện tại. Trả lại một tem_id cho tem đó, có thể được sử dụng để xóa nó bằng cách gọi >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01236 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.042rùa. dấu xóa(dấu) ¶ Stampid – một số nguyên, phải là giá trị trả về của lệnh gọi >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0429 trước đó Xóa tem với tem đã cho >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.043rùa. dấu xóa(n=Không)¶Parameters n – một số nguyên (hoặc >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229) Xóa tất cả hoặc n tem đầu tiên/cuối cùng của rùa. Nếu n là >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229, xóa tất cả tem, nếu n > 0 xóa n tem đầu tiên, ngược lại nếu n < 0 xóa n tem cuối cùng >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.044rùa. hoàn tác() ¶ Hoàn tác (nhiều lần) (các) hành động rùa cuối cùng. Number of available undo actions is determined by the size of the undobuffer >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.045rùa. tốc độ(tốc độ=Không)¶Parameters tốc độ – một số nguyên trong phạm vi 0. 10 hoặc dây tốc độ (xem bên dưới) Đặt tốc độ của rùa thành một giá trị nguyên trong phạm vi 0. 10. Nếu không có đối số nào được đưa ra, hãy trả về tốc độ hiện tại Nếu đầu vào là một số lớn hơn 10 hoặc nhỏ hơn 0. 5, tốc độ được đặt thành 0. Dây tốc độ được ánh xạ tới các giá trị tốc độ như sau
Tốc độ từ 1 đến 10 thực thi hoạt ảnh vẽ đường thẳng và xoay rùa ngày càng nhanh hơn Chú ý. tốc độ = 0 có nghĩa là không có hoạt ảnh nào diễn ra. tiến/lùi khiến rùa nhảy và tương tự trái/phải khiến rùa quay ngay lập tức >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.046 Tell Turtle’s state¶turtle. position() ¶ turtle. pos() ¶Return the turtle’s current location (x,y) (as a >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01231 vector) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.047turtle. towards(x , y=None) ¶Parameters
Return the angle between the line from turtle position to position specified by (x,y), the vector or the other turtle. This depends on the turtle’s start orientation which depends on the mode - “standard”/”world” or “logo” >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.048turtle. xcor() ¶ Return the turtle’s x coordinate >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.049turtle. ycor() ¶ Return the turtle’s y coordinate >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0120turtle. heading() ¶ Return the turtle’s current heading (value depends on the turtle mode, see >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01207) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0121turtle. distance(x , y=None) ¶Parameters
Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y), the given vector, or the given other turtle, in turtle step units >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0122 Settings for measurement¶turtle. degrees(fullcircle=360. 0) ¶Parametersfullcircle – a number Set angle measurement units, i. e. set number of “degrees” for a full circle. Default value is 360 degrees >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0123turtle. radians() ¶ Set the angle measurement units to radians. Equivalent to >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01244 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0124 Pen control¶Drawing state¶turtle. pendown() ¶ turtle. pd() ¶ turtle. down() ¶Pull the pen down – drawing when moving turtle. penup() ¶ turtle. pu() ¶ turtle. up() ¶Pull the pen up – no drawing when moving turtle. pensize(width=None) ¶ turtle. width(width=None) ¶Parameterswidth – a positive number Set the line thickness to width or return it. If resizemode is set to “auto” and turtleshape is a polygon, that polygon is drawn with the same line thickness. If no argument is given, the current pensize is returned >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0125turtle. pen(pen=None , **pendict) ¶Parameters
Return or set the pen’s attributes in a “pen-dictionary” with the following key/value pairs
This dictionary can be used as argument for a subsequent call to >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0451 to restore the former pen-state. Moreover one or more of these attributes can be provided as keyword-arguments. This can be used to set several pen attributes in one statement >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0126turtle. isdown() ¶ Return >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01246 if pen is down, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01247 if it’s up >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0127 Color control¶turtle. pencolor(*args) ¶Return or set the pencolor Four input formats are allowed >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0454 Return the current pencolor as color specification string or as a tuple (see example). May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01249 Set pencolor to colorstring, which is a Tk color specification string, such as >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01250, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01251, or >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01252 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01253 Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by the tuple of r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0. colormode, where colormode is either 1. 0 or 255 (see >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01208) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01255 Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0. colormode If turtleshape is a polygon, the outline of that polygon is drawn with the newly set pencolor >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0128turtle. fillcolor(*args) ¶ Return or set the fillcolor Four input formats are allowed >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0455 Return the current fillcolor as color specification string, possibly in tuple format (see example). Có thể được sử dụng làm đầu vào cho lệnh gọi color/pencolor/fillcolor khác >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01257 Đặt màu tô thành chuỗi màu, là chuỗi đặc tả màu Tk, chẳng hạn như >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01250, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01251 hoặc >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01252 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01261 Đặt màu tô thành màu RGB được biểu thị bằng bộ của r, g và b. Mỗi r, g và b phải nằm trong phạm vi 0. colormode, trong đó colormode là 1. 0 hoặc 255 (xem >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01208) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01263 Đặt màu tô thành màu RGB được biểu thị bằng r, g và b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0. chế độ màu If turtleshape is a polygon, the interior of that polygon is drawn with the newly set fillcolor >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0129turtle. color(*args) ¶ Return or set pencolor and fillcolor Several input formats are allowed. They use 0 to 3 arguments as follows >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0453 Return the current pencolor and the current fillcolor as a pair of color specification strings or tuples as returned by >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0454 and >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0455 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01267, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01268, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01269 Inputs as in >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0454, set both, fillcolor and pencolor, to the given value >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01271, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01272 Equivalent to >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01273 and >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01274 and analogously if the other input format is used If turtleshape is a polygon, outline and interior of that polygon is drawn with the newly set colors >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0400 See also. Screen method >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01208 Filling¶turtle. filling() ¶Return fillstate ( >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01246 if filling, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01247 else) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0401turtle. begin_fill() ¶ To be called just before drawing a shape to be filled turtle. end_fill() ¶Fill the shape drawn after the last call to >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0457 Whether or not overlap regions for self-intersecting polygons or multiple shapes are filled depends on the operating system graphics, type of overlap, and number of overlaps. For example, the Turtle star above may be either all yellow or have some white regions >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0402 More drawing control¶turtle. reset() ¶Delete the turtle’s drawings from the screen, re-center the turtle and set variables to the default values >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0403turtle. clear() ¶ Delete the turtle’s drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. State and position of the turtle as well as drawings of other turtles are not affected turtle. write(arg , move=False , align='left' , font=('Arial', 8, 'normal')) ¶Parameters
Write text - the string representation of arg - at the current turtle position according to align (“left”, “center” or “right”) and with the given font. If move is true, the pen is moved to the bottom-right corner of the text. By default, move is >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01247 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0404 Turtle state¶Visibility¶turtle. hideturtle() ¶ turtle. ht() ¶Make the turtle invisible. It’s a good idea to do this while you’re in the middle of doing some complex drawing, because hiding the turtle speeds up the drawing observably >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0405turtle. showturtle() ¶ turtle. st() ¶ Make the turtle visible >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0406turtle. isvisible() ¶ Return >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01246 if the Turtle is shown, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01247 if it’s hidden >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0407 Appearance¶turtle. shape(name=None) ¶Parametersname – a string which is a valid shapename Set turtle shape to shape with given name or, if name is not given, return name of current shape. Shape with name must exist in the TurtleScreen’s shape dictionary. Initially there are the following polygon shapes. “arrow”, “turtle”, “circle”, “square”, “triangle”, “classic”. To learn about how to deal with shapes see Screen method >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01211 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0408turtle. resizemode(rmode=None) ¶Parameters rmode – one of the strings “auto”, “user”, “noresize” Set resizemode to one of the values. “auto”, “user”, “noresize”. If rmode is not given, return current resizemode. Different resizemodes have the following effects
>>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01284 is called by >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0469 when used with arguments >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0409turtle. shapesize(stretch_wid=None , stretch_len=None , outline=None) ¶ turtle. turtlesize(stretch_wid=None , stretch_len=None , outline=None) ¶Parameters
Return or set the pen’s attributes x/y-stretchfactors and/or outline. Set resizemode to “user”. If and only if resizemode is set to “user”, the turtle will be displayed stretched according to its stretchfactors. stretch_wid is stretchfactor perpendicular to its orientation, stretch_len is stretchfactor in direction of its orientation, outline determines the width of the shapes’s outline >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0440turtle. shearfactor(shear=None) ¶Parameters shear – number (optional) Set or return the current shearfactor. Shear the turtleshape according to the given shearfactor shear, which is the tangent of the shear angle. Không thay đổi tiêu đề của rùa (hướng di chuyển). If shear is not given. trả lại shearfactor hiện tại, tôi. e. the tangent of the shear angle, by which lines parallel to the heading of the turtle are sheared >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0441turtle. tilt(angle) ¶Parameters angle – a number Rotate the turtleshape by angle from its current tilt-angle, but do not change the turtle’s heading (direction of movement) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0442turtle. settiltangle(angle) ¶Parameters angle – a number Rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, regardless of its current tilt-angle. Do not change the turtle’s heading (direction of movement) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0443 Không dùng nữa kể từ phiên bản 3. 1 turtle. tiltangle(angle=None) ¶Parametersangle – a number (optional) Set or return the current tilt-angle. If angle is given, rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, regardless of its current tilt-angle. Do not change the turtle’s heading (direction of movement). If angle is not given. return the current tilt-angle, i. e. the angle between the orientation of the turtleshape and the heading of the turtle (its direction of movement) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0444turtle. shapetransform(t11=None , t12=None , t21=None , t22=None) ¶Parameters
Set or return the current transformation matrix of the turtle shape If none of the matrix elements are given, return the transformation matrix as a tuple of 4 elements. Otherwise set the given elements and transform the turtleshape according to the matrix consisting of first row t11, t12 and second row t21, t22. The determinant t11 * t22 - t12 * t21 must not be zero, otherwise an error is raised. Modify stretchfactor, shearfactor and tiltangle according to the given matrix >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0445turtle. get_shapepoly() ¶ Return the current shape polygon as tuple of coordinate pairs. This can be used to define a new shape or components of a compound shape >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0446 Using events¶turtle. onclick(fun , btn=1 , add=None) Parameters
Bind fun to mouse-click events on this turtle. If fun is >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229, existing bindings are removed. Example for the anonymous turtle, i. e. the procedural way >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0447turtle. onrelease(fun , btn=1 , add=None) ¶Parameters
Bind fun to mouse-button-release events on this turtle. If fun is >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229, existing bindings are removed >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0448turtle. ondrag(fun , btn=1 , add=None) ¶Parameters
Bind fun to mouse-move events on this turtle. If fun is >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229, existing bindings are removed Remark. Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a mouse-click event on that turtle >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0449 Subsequently, clicking and dragging the Turtle will move it across the screen thereby producing handdrawings (if pen is down) Special Turtle methods¶turtle. begin_poly() ¶Start recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is first vertex of polygon turtle. end_poly() ¶Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is last vertex of polygon. This will be connected with the first vertex turtle. get_poly() ¶Return the last recorded polygon >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0490turtle. clone() ¶ Create and return a clone of the turtle with same position, heading and turtle properties >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0491turtle. getturtle() ¶ turtle. getpen() ¶ Return the Turtle object itself. Only reasonable use. as a function to return the “anonymous turtle” >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0492turtle. getscreen() ¶ Return the >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.05 object the turtle is drawing on. TurtleScreen methods can then be called for that object >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0493turtle. setundobuffer(size) ¶Parameters size – an integer or >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229 Set or disable undobuffer. If size is an integer, an empty undobuffer of given size is installed. size gives the maximum number of turtle actions that can be undone by the >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0432 method/function. If size is >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229, the undobuffer is disabled >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0494turtle. undobufferentries() ¶ Return number of entries in the undobuffer >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0495 Compound shapes¶To use compound turtle shapes, which consist of several polygons of different color, you must use the helper class >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04002 explicitly as described below
Ghi chú The >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04002 class is used internally by the >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01211 method in different ways. The application programmer has to deal with the Shape class only when using compound shapes like shown above Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen and corresponding functions¶Most of the examples in this section refer to a TurtleScreen instance called >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04006 Window control¶turtle. bgcolor(*args) ¶Parametersargs – a color string or three numbers in the range 0. colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers Set or return background color of the TurtleScreen >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0498turtle. bgpic(picname=None) ¶Parameters picname – a string, name of a gif-file or >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04007, or >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229 Set background image or return name of current backgroundimage. If picname is a filename, set the corresponding image as background. If picname is >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04007, delete background image, if present. If picname is >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229, return the filename of the current backgroundimage >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0499turtle. xóa() Ghi chú This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the name >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04011. The global function >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04012 is a different one derived from the Turtle method >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04012turtle. clearscreen() ¶ Delete all drawings and all turtles from the TurtleScreen. Đặt lại TurtleScreen hiện đang trống về trạng thái ban đầu. nền trắng, không có hình nền, không có ràng buộc sự kiện và theo dõi trên rùa. đặt lại()Ghi chú This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the name >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04014. Hàm toàn cục >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04015 là một hàm khác bắt nguồn từ phương thức Rùa >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04015turtle. resetscreen() ¶ Reset all Turtles on the Screen to their initial state turtle. screensize(canvwidth=None , canvheight=None , bg=None) ¶Parameters
If no arguments are given, return current (canvaswidth, canvasheight). Else resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. Do not alter the drawing window. To observe hidden parts of the canvas, use the scrollbars. With this method, one can make visible those parts of a drawing which were outside the canvas before >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0500 e. g. to search for an erroneously escaped turtle ;-) turtle. setworldcoordinates(llx , lly , urx , ury) ¶Parameters
Set up user-defined coordinate system and switch to mode “world” if necessary. This performs a >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04017. If mode “world” is already active, all drawings are redrawn according to the new coordinates ATTENTION. in user-defined coordinate systems angles may appear distorted >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0501 Animation control¶turtle. delay(delay=None) ¶Parametersdelay – positive integer Set or return the drawing delay in milliseconds. (This is approximately the time interval between two consecutive canvas updates. ) The longer the drawing delay, the slower the animation Optional argument >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0502turtle. tracer(n=None , delay=None) ¶Parameters
Turn turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. (Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics. ) When called without arguments, returns the currently stored value of n. Second argument sets delay value (see >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0495) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0503turtle. update() ¶ Perform a TurtleScreen update. To be used when tracer is turned off See also the RawTurtle/Turtle method >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0433 Using screen events¶turtle. listen(xdummy=None , ydummy=None) ¶Set focus on TurtleScreen (in order to collect key-events). Dummy arguments are provided in order to be able to pass >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0498 to the onclick methodturtle. onkey(fun , key) ¶ turtle. onkeyrelease(fun , key) ¶Parameters
Bind fun to key-release event of key. If fun is >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229, event bindings are removed. Remark. in order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen must have the focus. (See method >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0498. ) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0504turtle. onkeypress(fun , key=None) ¶Parameters
Bind fun to key-press event of key if key is given, or to any key-press-event if no key is given. Remark. in order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen must have focus. (See method >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0498. ) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0505turtle. onclick(fun , btn=1 , add=None) ¶ turtle. onscreenclick(fun , btn=1 , add=None) ¶Parameters
Bind fun to mouse-click events on this screen. If fun is >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229, existing bindings are removed Example for a TurtleScreen instance named >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04006 and a Turtle instance named >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.08 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0506 Ghi chú This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the name >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04032. The global function >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04033 is another one derived from the Turtle method >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04033turtle. ontimer(fun , t=0) ¶Parameters
Install a timer that calls fun after t milliseconds >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0507turtle. mainloop() ¶ turtle. done() ¶ Starts event loop - calling Tkinter’s mainloop function. Must be the last statement in a turtle graphics program. Must not be used if a script is run from within IDLE in -n mode (No subprocess) - for interactive use of turtle graphics >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0508 Input methods¶turtle. textinput(title , prompt) ¶Parameters
Pop up a dialog window for input of a string. Parameter title is the title of the dialog window, prompt is a text mostly describing what information to input. Return the string input. If the dialog is canceled, return >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0509turtle. numinput(title , prompt , default=None , minval=None , maxval=None) ¶Parameters
Bật lên một cửa sổ hộp thoại để nhập số. tiêu đề là tiêu đề của cửa sổ hộp thoại, dấu nhắc là văn bản chủ yếu mô tả thông tin số cần nhập. default. default value, minval. minimum value for input, maxval. maximum value for input. The number input must be in the range minval . maxval nếu chúng được đưa ra. Nếu không, một gợi ý sẽ được đưa ra và hộp thoại vẫn mở để chỉnh sửa. Trả về số đầu vào. Nếu hộp thoại bị hủy, hãy trả lại >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229 >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0510 Cài đặt và phương pháp đặc biệt¶rùa. chế độ(chế độ=Không có)¶Parameterschế độ – một trong các chuỗi “tiêu chuẩn”, “logo” hoặc “thế giới” Đặt chế độ rùa (“tiêu chuẩn”, “logo” hoặc “thế giới”) và thực hiện đặt lại. Nếu chế độ không được cung cấp, chế độ hiện tại được trả về Chế độ “tiêu chuẩn” tương thích với >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.08 cũ. Chế độ “logo” tương thích với hầu hết đồ họa Logo rùa. Chế độ “thế giới” sử dụng “tọa độ thế giới” do người dùng xác định. Chú ý. ở chế độ này, các góc có vẻ bị biến dạng nếu tỷ lệ đơn vị của >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04038 không bằng 1 Mode tiêu đề rùa ban đầu góc dương "Tiêu chuẩn" bên phải (phía đông) ngược chiều kim đồng hồ "Logo" hướng lên trên (bắc) theo chiều kim đồng hồ >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0511rùa. chế độ màu(cmode=Không có)¶Parameters cmode – một trong các giá trị 1. 0 hoặc 255 Trả về colormode hoặc đặt thành 1. 0 hoặc 255. Sau đó, các giá trị r, g, b của bộ ba màu phải nằm trong khoảng 0. *chế độ* >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0512rùa. getcanvas() ¶ Trả lại Canvas của TurtleScreen này. Hữu ích cho những người trong cuộc biết phải làm gì với Tkinter Canvas >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0513 Trả về danh sách tên của tất cả các hình con rùa hiện có >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0514rùa. register_shape(tên , hình . =None)¶turtle.thêm hình dạng(tên , hình dạng=None)¶ Có ba cách khác nhau để gọi chức năng này
Add a turtle shape to TurtleScreen’s shapelist. Only thusly registered shapes can be used by issuing the command >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04041turtle. turtles() ¶ Return the list of turtles on the screen >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0517turtle. window_height() ¶ Return the height of the turtle window >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0518turtle. window_width() ¶ Return the width of the turtle window >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0519 Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen¶turtle. bye() ¶Shut the turtlegraphics window turtle. exitonclick() ¶Bind >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01218 method to mouse clicks on the Screen If the value “using_IDLE” in the configuration dictionary is >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01247 (default value), also enter mainloop. Remark. If IDLE with the >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.03 switch (no subprocess) is used, this value should be set to >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01246 in >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04046. In this case IDLE’s own mainloop is active also for the client scriptturtle. setup(width=_CFG['width'] , height=_CFG['height'] , startx=_CFG['leftright'] , starty=_CFG['topbottom']) ¶ Set the size and position of the main window. Default values of arguments are stored in the configuration dictionary and can be changed via a >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04046 fileParameters
>>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.00turtle. title(titlestring) ¶Parameters titlestring – a string that is shown in the titlebar of the turtle graphics window Set title of turtle window to titlestring >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.01 Public classes¶class turtle. RawTurtle(canvas) ¶ class turtle. RawPen(canvas) ¶Parameterscanvas – a >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.06, a >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.07 or a >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.05 Create a turtle. The turtle has all methods described above as “methods of Turtle/RawTurtle” class turtle. Turtle ¶Subclass of RawTurtle, has the same interface but draws on a default >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0407 object created automatically when needed for the first timeclass turtle. TurtleScreen(cv) ¶Parameters cv – a >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.06 Provides screen oriented methods like >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04055 etc. that are described aboveclass turtle. Screen ¶ Subclass of TurtleScreen, with four methods added . class turtle. ScrolledCanvas(master) ¶Parametersmaster – some Tkinter widget to contain the ScrolledCanvas, i. e. a Tkinter-canvas with scrollbars added Được sử dụng bởi lớp Screen, do đó tự động cung cấp ScrolledCanvas làm sân chơi cho rùa lớp rùa. Shape(type_ , data) ¶Parameterstype_ – one of the strings “polygon”, “image”, “compound” Hình dạng mô hình cấu trúc dữ liệu. Cặp >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04056 phải tuân theo thông số kỹ thuật này loại hình_ dữ liệu “đa giác” một đa giác-tuple, tôi. e. một bộ các cặp tọa độ "hình ảnh" một hình ảnh (ở dạng này chỉ được sử dụng trong nội bộ. ) "hợp chất" >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01229 (một hình ghép phải được dựng bằng phương pháp >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04003)thêm thành phần(nhiều , điền, outline=None)¶Parameters
Thí dụ >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.02 Xem Các hình ghép . lớp rùa. Vec2D(x , y)¶Lớp vectơ hai chiều, được sử dụng làm lớp trợ giúp để triển khai đồ họa con rùa. Cũng có thể hữu ích cho các chương trình đồ họa rùa. Xuất phát từ bộ, vì vậy một vectơ là một bộ Cung cấp (cho vectơ a, b, số k)
Trợ giúp và cấu hình¶Cách sử dụng trợ giúp¶Các phương thức công khai của các lớp Màn hình và Rùa được ghi lại rộng rãi thông qua các tài liệu. Vì vậy, chúng có thể được sử dụng làm trợ giúp trực tuyến thông qua các tiện ích trợ giúp của Python
Các chuỗi tài liệu đã sửa đổi này được tạo tự động cùng với các định nghĩa hàm bắt nguồn từ các phương thức tại thời điểm nhập Dịch tài liệu sang các ngôn ngữ khác nhau¶Có một tiện ích để tạo một từ điển, các khóa là tên phương thức và giá trị của chúng là chuỗi tài liệu của các phương thức công khai của các lớp Màn hình và Con rùa rùa. write_docstringdict(tên tệp=')¶Parameterstên tệp - một chuỗi, được sử dụng làm tên tệp Tạo và viết từ điển chuỗi tài liệu vào tập lệnh Python với tên tệp đã cho. Chức năng này phải được gọi rõ ràng (nó không được sử dụng bởi các lớp đồ họa con rùa). Từ điển chuỗi tài liệu sẽ được ghi vào tập lệnh Python >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04067. Nó được dùng làm khuôn mẫu để dịch các chuỗi tài liệu sang các ngôn ngữ khác nhau Nếu bạn (hoặc học sinh của bạn) muốn sử dụng >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.08 với sự trợ giúp trực tuyến bằng ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ của mình, bạn phải dịch các chuỗi tài liệu và lưu tệp kết quả dưới dạng e. g. >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04069 Nếu bạn có một mục thích hợp trong tệp >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04046 của mình, từ điển này sẽ được đọc tại thời điểm nhập và sẽ thay thế các chuỗi tài liệu gốc bằng tiếng Anh Tại thời điểm viết bài này, có các từ điển chuỗi tài liệu bằng tiếng Đức và tiếng Ý. (Các yêu cầu vui lòng tham khảo @ aon . tại. ) Cách định cấu hình Màn hình và Rùa¶Cấu hình mặc định tích hợp bắt chước giao diện và hành vi của mô-đun rùa cũ để duy trì khả năng tương thích tốt nhất có thể với nó Nếu bạn muốn sử dụng một cấu hình khác phản ánh tốt hơn các tính năng của mô-đun này hoặc phù hợp hơn với nhu cầu của bạn, hãy. g. để sử dụng trong lớp học, bạn có thể chuẩn bị tệp cấu hình >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04046 sẽ được đọc tại thời điểm nhập và sửa đổi cấu hình theo cài đặt của nó Cấu hình tích hợp sẽ tương ứng với con rùa sau. cfg >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.05 Giải thích ngắn về các mục đã chọn
Có thể có một tệp >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04046 trong thư mục lưu trữ >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.08 và một tệp bổ sung trong thư mục làm việc hiện tại. Cái sau sẽ ghi đè cài đặt của cái đầu tiên Thư mục >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04085 chứa tệp >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04046. Bạn có thể nghiên cứu nó như một ví dụ và xem tác dụng của nó khi chạy các bản demo (tốt nhất là không phải từ bên trong trình xem bản demo) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0 4087 — Tập lệnh demo¶Gói >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04087 bao gồm một tập lệnh demo. Có thể chạy và xem các tập lệnh này bằng trình xem demo được cung cấp như sau >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.06 Ngoài ra, bạn có thể chạy các tập lệnh demo riêng lẻ. Ví dụ, >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90.07 Thư mục gói >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.04087 chứa
Các kịch bản demo là Tên Sự mô tả Đặc trưng thiết kế phụ mô hình đồ họa rùa cổ điển phức tạp >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0496, trì hoãn, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0497 sự hỗn loạn biểu đồ động lực học Verhulst, cho thấy rằng các tính toán của máy tính đôi khi có thể tạo ra kết quả trái với mong đợi thông thường tọa độ thế giới cái đồng hồ đồng hồ analog hiển thị thời gian của máy tính của bạn rùa như kim đồng hồ, hẹn giờ máy pha màu thử nghiệm với r, g, b >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0479 rừng 3 cây theo chiều rộng ngẫu nhiên hóa đường cong fractal Đường cong Hilbert & Koch đệ quy cây bồ đề dân tộc học (kolams Ấn Độ) Hệ thống chữ L min_hanoi Tháp Hà Nội Rùa Chữ Nhật dạng đĩa Hà Nội (hình dáng, kích thước) nim chơi game nim cổ điển với ba đống gậy trên máy tính rùa như nimsticks, điều khiển sự kiện (chuột, bàn phím) sơn chương trình vẽ siêu tối giản >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0477 hòa bình tiểu học rùa. xuất hiện và hoạt hình hoa hồng lát gạch định kỳ với diều và phi tiêu >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0429 hành_tinh_và_mặt_trăng mô phỏng hệ trọng lực hình ghép, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.01231 round_dance rùa nhảy múa quay theo cặp theo hướng ngược lại hình ghép, nhân bản shapesize, tilt, get_shapepoly, cập nhật sorting_animate trình diễn trực quan các phương pháp sắp xếp khác nhau căn chỉnh đơn giản, ngẫu nhiên cây cây đầu tiên có chiều rộng (đồ họa) (sử dụng trình tạo) >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0483 two_canvases Thiết kế đơn giản rùa trên hai bức tranh wikipedia một mẫu từ bài viết trên wikipedia về đồ họa con rùa >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0483, >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0432 yinyang một ví dụ cơ bản khác >>> turtle.heading() 90.0 >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-10.00) >>> turtle.home() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0427 Chúc vui vẻ Những thay đổi kể từ Python 2. 6¶
Các thay đổi kể từ Python 3. 0¶
|