A. Shiny hair
B. Regular elimination
E. Erect posture
Rationale: Well-nourished children show steady gains in weight and height; are alert; have shiny hair, no fatigue circles beneath the eyes, skin color WNL, a flat abdomen, erect posture, well-developed muscle, firm and pink mucous membranes in the mouth and gums, no mouth or tongue lesions, teeth that erupt on schedule, good appetite, regular elimination, and energy and vitality; sleep well at night; and are not irritable. [379]
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ANS: B, C, E, F
Recommended immunization schedule for a 4-month-old, up to date on immunizations, would be to administer the rotavirus [RV], diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis [DTaP], Haemophilus influenza type b [HIB], and inactivated poliovirus [IPV] vaccinations. The measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR] and varicella would not be administered until the child is at least 1 year of age.
ANS:
b, a, d, c, e
Grasping occurs during the first 2 to 3 months as a reflex and gradually becomes voluntary. By 5 months, infants are able to voluntarily grasp objects. Gradually, the palmar grasp [using the whole hand] is replaced by a pincer grasp [using the thumb and index finger]. By 8 to 10 months of age, infants use a crude pincer grasp, and by 11 months, they have progressed to a neat pincer grasp. By 11 months, they put objects into containers and like to remove them. By age 1 year,
infants try to build towers of two blocks but fail.
Exercise more with your children.
Provide fresh fruits and vegetables rather than empty calories such as those found in doughnuts and store-bought pastries.
Decrease trips to fast-food restaurants.
Switch to low-fat foods; use vegetable oil cooking sprays in place of butter; bake or broil foods instead of frying them.
Seek the advice of a nutritionist.
If there is a family history of heart disease, have the child's as well as your levels of cholesterol tested.