In what way was the ottoman encounter with the west similar to chinas experience?
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Abstract With the expansion of European political power in the nineteenth century, international law became a global phenomenon. Britain and other European states insisted that their Asian counterparts accept international legal practices. Through systems of unequal treaties, international law became an important element in the semicolonial systems established in Qing China, the Ottoman Empire, and Siam, and it shaped the transformation of each of these states. Faced with intense pressure to uphold treaty agreements, Ottoman, Qing, and Siamese leaders initiated similar reforms to legal and administrative institutions. Furthermore, each adapted in different ways to the territorial construction of sovereignty enshrined in international law, and to related assumptions about national identity, as they sought to fit the European nation-state model. Show
Journal Information Devoted to historical analysis from a global point of view, the Journal of World History features a range of comparative and cross-cultural scholarship and encourages research on forces that work their influences across cultures and civilizations. Themes examined include large-scale population movements and economic fluctuations; cross-cultural transfers of technology; the spread of infectious diseases; long-distance trade; and the spread of religious faiths, ideas, and ideals. Individual subscription is by membership in the World History Association. Publisher Information Since its establishment in 1947, University of Hawai'i Press has published over 2,000 books and over 900 journal issues. Within the worldwide scholarly community, University of Hawai'i Press is recognized as a leading publisher of books and journals in Asian, Asian American, and Pacific studies. Disciplines covered include the arts, history, language, literature, natural science, philosophy, religion, and the social sciences. The University of Hawai'i Press also serves as a distributor for more than 140 scholarly publishers in North America, Asia, the Pacific, and elsewhere. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. ExtractThe Balta Limam Treaty of 1838, the Nanjing Treaty of 1842, and the events that led to them have epochal significance in the history of Britain's involvement in the Ottoman Empire and China. In addition to stipulating the principles according to which commercial relations were to take place between England and the Ottoman Empire and China, these treaties became the first in a series of international and domestic measures that marked a turn toward free trade and informal empire as distinct from the widespread use of formal methods of control that had characterized British policies in previous periods. As such, the treaties are also regarded as having a global significance. Furthermore, unlike previous unilateral grants by the Ottoman and Chinese governments that restricted the commerce and the residence of foreigners, the Balta Limam and Nanjing documents were drawn up as bilateral agreements that greatly expanded the foreigners’ ability to trade and reside in the Ottoman Empire and China. ReferencesFO 78: United Kingdom. Foreign Office. Dispatches from British Consuls in Turkey. Public Record Office. London.Google Scholar T 238: United States. Department of State. Dispatches from American Consuls in Smyrna, Turkey. Microfilm.Google Scholar Abou-El-Haj, Rifa'at. 1988. “The Ottoman Nasihatname as a Discourse over Morality,” in Temimi, A. (ed.), Mélanges Professeur Robert Mantran, Zaghouan, pp. 17–30.Google Scholar Akşin, Sina. 1987. “1839'da Osmanli Ülkesinde Ideolojik Ortam ve Osmanli Devletinin Uluslararasi Durumu,” Mustafa Reşid Paşa ve Dönemi Semineri. 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New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar In what way did the Ottoman encounter with the West differ from China's experience?In what way did the Ottoman encounter with the West differ from China's experience? The Ottoman encounter with the West was less abrupt than that of China.
In what ways were the histories of China and the Ottoman Empire similar?Some similarity between the histories of China and the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century is that both empires were the center of fulfilled vibrant civilizations. Also, there were semi-colonies within the informal empires of Europe.
What are the similarities in how China and the Ottoman Empire were affected by western industrialism?In what ways were China and the Ottoman Empire similarly affected by Western industrialism? Both were given unequal treaties and were taken advantage of by Europeans.
In what way was the Were Qing China and the Ottoman Empire similar in the mid to late 19th century?In what respect were Qing China and the Ottoman Empire similar in the nineteenth century? Both were semi-colonies within the informal empires of Europe.
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