Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

This reading examines measures of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, which enacted the plan that became known as Radical Reconstruction.

Last Updated: May 12, 2020

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  • Racism

In 1866, many Americans felt that the Union had not been adequately reconstructed, that the way freedom had been defined for black Americans was not adequate, and that Presidential Reconstruction had led to neither healing nor justice. As a result, a majority Republican Congress was elected and pushed for the passage of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, which enacted the plan that became known as Radical Reconstruction. Here, measures of those laws are laid out. 

  • The South was divided into five military districts and governed by military governors until acceptable state constitutions could be written and approved by Congress.
  • All males, regardless of race, but excluding former Confederate leaders, were permitted to participate in the constitutional conventions that formed the new governments in each state.
  • New state constitutions were required to provide for universal manhood suffrage (voting rights for all men) without regard to race.
  • States were required to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in order to be readmitted to the Union.

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Students reflect on the revolutionary changes that occurred because of the landmark legislation and amendments passed during the Reconstruction era.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Students learn about the debate within the women’s rights movement over the passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Students explore some of the limitations of Reconstruction's transformation on US democracy and learn about groups who demanded that the promise of equality be made a reality.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Students learn about the violent responses to the transformation of US democracy that occurred as a result of Radical Reconstruction.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Students examine the factors that led many northerners to turn against federal policies passed during the Reconstruction era that protected freedpeople.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Students learn about the period of violence in the South from 1873-1876 and examine its role in influencing elections and ending Republican control of Southern state governments.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Students explore the legacies of the Reconstruction era today, reflect on the idea of democracy as a continuous process, and consider how they can best participate in the ongoing work of strengthening our democracy.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Students examine documents that shed light on life in the South under the policies of Presidential Reconstruction in 1865 and 1866.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Students learn about the responses to Johnson’s policies by Republicans in Congress and examine the fourteenth amendment that overturned Presidential Reconstruction.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Students learn about the aftermath of the Civil War and examine primary source documents that provide insight into the difficult task of reuniting the nation.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Students examine President Andrew Johnson's plan for Reconstruction and the debate it provoked with Congress while reflecting on deeper issues of healing and justice.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

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Lead students in an examination of identity, membership and belonging, and civic participation through an analysis of historical case studies and literature.

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to allow for the group shown above

Most teachers are willing to tackle the difficult topics, but we need the tools.

— Gabriela Calderon-Espinal, Bay Shore, NY

Which of the three Reconstruction Amendments was the most important why?

Fourteenth Amendment The most significant and far-reaching was the first section, stipulating that 'All persons born or naturalized in the United States...are citizens.

What was the main effect of the constitutional amendments passed during Reconstruction?

Innovative legislation was not forthcoming to help ease the discrimination that many newly freed slaves felt in the South. However, the Reconstruction Amendments did their part: they officially ended overt slavery, gave citizenship to newly freed African Americans, and established the right to vote regardless of race.

How did the 14th Amendment help Reconstruction?

The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was the centerpiece of the Reconstruction Amendments, which together abolished slavery, gave African-American men the right to vote, and guaranteed full citizenship, due process, and equal protection of the laws to all.

Which person or group was most responsible for the passage of the 14th Amendment?

Congressman John A. Bingham of Ohio, the primary author of the first section of the 14th Amendment, intended that the amendment also nationalize the Bill of Rights by making it binding upon the states.