Match the public health intervention category to the basic description of the category Quizlet

-framework includes thinking upstream, models of justice, social determinants of health, and the public health intervention wheel (these support upstream interventions for homeless people)

°models of justice include market and social justice that influence public health policy. Market justice, which has been dominant, purports that people are entitled to valued ends (status, income, happiness) according to their own individual efforts (individual responsibility, minimal collective action, and freedom from collective obligations other than respect for another person's fundamental rights). Under social justice, all people are equally entitled to key ends (access to health care and minimum standards of income). All members must accept collective burdens to provide fair distribution of these ends. Foundational aspect of nursing and public health. Some call for a social justice approach to health care

°thinking upstream: "pulling the bodies out of the river of homelessness." Instead of downstream treating physical and mental health, upstream is needed to treat social health problems. Focus on primary contributors of homelessness (lack of housing, income, services). An upstream approach is provided by the concept of social determinants of health

°social determinants of health: the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, systems in place to deal with illness. These are shaped by economics, politics, etc. This leads to the goal of creating social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Five dimensions of the SDH are ecumenic stability, education, social and community context, health and healthcare, and neighborhood and built environment. SDH defined by CDC is complex overlapping social structures and economic systems that include social and physical environments and health services. This is shaped by levels of income, power, and resources. Both upstream and downstream is needed (upstream at community or system level and downstream at person or fam level)

°public intervention wheel: directs practice at person and fam levels, downstream, as well as community or system upstream. Although most interventions used, public health nurse working downstream use surveillance, disease and event investigation, outreach, screening, case finding referral and follow up, case management, delegated functions, health teaching, counseling, and consultation. Those working upstream use employ collaboration, coalition building, community organizing, advocacy, social marketing, and policy development and enforcement

more on pg 464

ANS: C
Community level interventions are carried out with the community as a whole. This level changes community norms, attitudes, awareness, practices, and behaviors. It is directed toward entire populations within the community or occasionally toward populations at risk or populations of interest. Individual level intervention changes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, and behaviors of individuals. Systems level interventions change organizations, policies, laws, and power structures within communities. Government is not a level of intervention described by "The Wheel."

DIF: Cognitive level: Applying REF: pp. 194-195
TOP: Nursing process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

ANS: D
The individual level of practice focuses on interventions that involve working with individuals, either singly, or in groups, and with families. Individual level intervention changes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, and behaviors of individuals. Community level interventions are carried out with the community as a whole. This level of intervention changes community norms, attitudes, awareness, practices, and behaviors. Systems level interventions change organizations, policies, laws, and power structures within communities. Policy is not a level of intervention described by "The Wheel."

DIF: Cognitive level: Applying REF: p. 195
TOP: Nursing process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

ANS: B
Systems level of practice consists of changing laws, policies, and practices that influence population-based issues. The individual level of practice focuses on interventions that involve working with individuals, either singly, or in groups, and with families. Individual level intervention changes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, and behaviors of individuals. Community level interventions are carried out with the community as a whole. This level of intervention changes community norms, attitudes, awareness, practices, and behaviors. Government is not a level of intervention described by "The Wheel."

DIF: Cognitive level: Applying REF: p. 195
TOP: Nursing process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

ANS: A
Screening involves identifying individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease. Referral and follow-up assists individuals, families, groups, organizations, and/or communities to identify and access necessary resources in order to prevent or resolve problems or concerns. Surveillance describes and monitors health events through ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data. Health teaching communicates facts, ideas, and skills that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities.

DIF: Cognitive level: Applying REF: p. 200
TOP: Nursing process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

ANS: B
One example of coalition building is promoting alliances among organizations for a common purpose. Referral and follow-up assists individuals, families, groups, organizations, and/or communities to identify and access necessary resources in order to prevent or resolve problems or concerns. Surveillance describes and monitors health events through ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data. Health teaching communicates facts, ideas, and skills that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities.

DIF: Cognitive level: Applying REF: p. 206
TOP: Nursing process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

ANS: C
Health teaching communicates facts, ideas, and skills that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities. Collaboration commits two or more persons or organizations to achieve a common goal through enhancing the capacity of one or more of the members to promote and protect health. Surveillance describes and monitors health events through ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data. Screening involves identifying individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease.

DIF: Cognitive level: Applying REF: p. 206
TOP: Nursing process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

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