Which minor theory proposes that an individuals access to socially acceptable goals determines if they conform or deviate quizlet?

-Social group: consists of two or more people who regularly interact and share a sense of unity and common identity.
-Primary Group: Intimate, small, personal, informal; ex: Family, Friends, Co-workers; Serve expressive needs--provide emotional support, sense of belonging; groups characterized by intimate, face-to-face interaction, permanent, strong sense of loyalty and belongingness, constitute a basic source of identity, strengthens sense of social integration into society
-Secondary Groups: Formal, large, impersonal; ex: classmates, teachers, employees; Serve instrumental needs, accomplish a specific task

-Strain theory: suggests that deviance occurs when culturally approved goals cannot be reached by culturally approved means
-Merton's strain theory of deviance suggests that individuals caught in this dilemma may reject the goals or the means or both, and by doing so they become deviants.

~Innovation: refers to people who accept society's goals but reject accepted institutional means, instead using illegitimate means to achieve their goals; accept society's goal but find their own way of getting it; includes poor teenagers who steal flashy cars, students who cheat, athletes on steroids, drug dealer

-Ritualism: referes to people who continue to use culturally approved means for achieving socially desired goals even though they have rejected--or given up on--those goals; doesn't buy into the goals of society but follow the routines ex: workers who follow all bureaucratic procedures just to keep their job, not to get ahead, or an apathetic high school student

-Retreatism: refers to those who have given up on both society's goals and its accepted means; rejects the goals of society and retreat from society ; They are society's drop out: the vagabonds, drifters, street people, drug addicts

-Rebellion: like Retreatism, Rebellion also refers to those abandon society's goals and means, but revels additionally adopt alternative values; they're like revolutionaries, rastafarians, or the rainbow tribe who hope to create an alternative society; rejects the values of society, substitute a new set of values; ex: Animal rights activist

1. Youth programs (boys and girls clubs, after-school activities, high quality pre-school)

2. Community programs (neighborhood watch)

3. Alternatives to prison (probation, psychological treatment, house arrest, group therapy)

4. Prison reform (increase occupational training programs)

5. Reducing poverty (better education, on the job-training)

6. Parental responsibility laws (making parents responsible for delinquent behavior of their children)

7. Better law enforcement (strictly enforced curfews or focus on combating street gangs)

8. Juvenile boot camps (scared straight approach)

10. Parenting Training(parenting classes, resources, counseling)

11. Decriminalization of some laws (drug use, gambling, prostitution)

12. Legislative action (changes laws: ex: gun control)

an organization that exists to enforce a legal code

there is 3 branches to the us criminal justice system: police, courts, and the corrections system

POLICE
civil forces in charge of enforcing laws and public order at a federal (FBI, DHS, etc.— have a narrow field of expertise), state (NYPD—enforce statewide laws), or community level (garden city PD—only have authority within jurisdiction)

COURTS
a system that has the authority to make decisions based on the law
we have federal courts (including supreme court) which deal with federal matters, and state courts (which are broken up into trial courts, appellate courts, and state supreme courts)

THE CORRECTIONS SYSTEM
aka the prison system; is charged with supervising individuals who have been arrested, convicted, and sentenced for a criminal offense. jail holds those waiting for sentencing; prison is for those incarcerated; probation is a supervised alternative to extra prison time

Crimes are divided into felonies and misdemeanors.

- A felony is a serious crime such as rape, homicide, or aggravated assault, for which punishment typically ranges from more than a year's imprisonment to death.

- A misdemeanor is a minor crime typically punished by less than one year in jail.

Conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime

Found that violence and crime were at their worst in the middle of the city and gradually decreased the farther someone traveled from the urban center toward the suburbs.

Shaw and McKay concluded that socioeconomic status correlated to race and ethnicity resulted in a higher crime rate. The mix of cultures and values created a smaller society with different ideas of deviance, and those values and ideas were transferred from generation to generation.

What is conformity in Merton's theory?

What is the theory that focuses on how individuals come to be identified as deviant?

What are the 3 sociological theories of deviance?

What are the theories that explain the existence of deviance and deviant?